Keeplived安装部署（单机&高可用）

于 2024-01-09 09:29:51 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46627652/article/details/133947510
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Keeplived官网：https://www.keepalived.org/download.html

一 、单机安装配置:

1.上传keepalived安装包并且安装

[root@master1 local]# tar -zxvf keepalived-2.2.8.tar.gz
[root@master1 local]# mv keepalived-2.2.8 keepalived
[root@master1 local]# chown root:root -R keepalived
[root@master1 local]# cd keepalived
[root@master1 keepalived]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@master1 keepalived]# make && make install
[root@master1 keepalived]# ls
aclocal.m4  autogen.sh  bin_install  build_setup  config.log     configure     CONTRIBUTORS  doc         Dockerfile.in  INSTALL     keepalived.spec     lib  Makefile     Makefile.in  README.md  share  TODO
AUTHOR      bin         build-aux    ChangeLog    config.status  configure.ac  COPYING       Dockerfile  etc            keepalived  keepalived.spec.in  m4   Makefile.am  README       sbin       snap   tools

2.修改配置

[root@master1 keepalived]# cd etc/keepalived/
[root@master1 keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf.sample  samples
[root@master1 keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf.sample keepalived.conf
[root@master1 keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf  keepalived.conf.sample  samples

3.添加系统启动项

vim /lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
[Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After=network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=man:keepalived(8)
Documentation=man:keepalived.conf(5)
Documentation=man:genhash(1)
Documentation=https://keepalived.org

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived  $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
重新加载配置：
systemctl daemon-reload

设置开机启动：
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived

启动命令：
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl status keepalived
systemctl restart keepalived

启动和相关报错：

报错1：

 WARNING - this build will not support IPVS with IPv6. Please install libnl/libnl-3 dev libraries to support IPv6 with IPVS.

解决：

yum -y install libnl libnl-devel

报错2：

[root@master1 etc]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@master1 keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 四 2023-10-19 18:05:36 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:keepalived(8)
           man:keepalived.conf(5)
           man:genhash(1)
           https://keepalived.org
  Process: 110509 ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 110510 (code=exited, status=2)
    Tasks: 0
   Memory: 0B
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service

10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived[110510]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived[110510]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=110511
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived[110510]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=110512
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110511]: Initializing ipvs
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 systemd[1]: keepalived.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 systemd[1]: Unit keepalived.service entered failed state.
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 systemd[1]: keepalived.service failed.
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110511]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 1 for VS [192.168.200.100]:tcp:443
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110511]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 2 for VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
10月 19 18:05:36 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110511]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 2 for VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358

解决：需要修改虚拟ip等配置

[root@master1 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 19 18:07:04 master1 grafana: logger=plugins.update.checker t=2023-10-19T18:07:04.752278809+08:00 level=info msg="Update check succeeded" duration=6.432745249s
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 systemd: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: Starting Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: Running on Linux 3.10.0-1160.76.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 10 16:21:17 UTC 2022 (built for Linux 3.10.0)
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: Command line: '/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived' '-D'
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: Opening file '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: Configuration file /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 systemd: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: (Line 15) WARNING - number '0' outside range [0.000001, 4294.967295]
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: (Line 15) vrrp_garp_interval '0' is invalid
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: (Line 16) WARNING - number '0' outside range [0.000001, 4294.967295]
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110735]: (Line 16) vrrp_gna_interval '0' is invalid
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=110737
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=110738
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[110738]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 systemd: keepalived.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[110738]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 systemd: Unit keepalived.service entered failed state.
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[110738]: (/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf: Line 21) WARNING - interface eth0 for vrrp_instance VI_1 doesn't exist
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 systemd: keepalived.service failed.
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[110738]: Non-existent interface specified in configuration
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[110738]: Stopped - used 0.000000 user time, 0.001848 system time
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: pid 110738 exited with permanent error CONFIG. Terminating
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 1 for VS [192.168.200.100]:tcp:443
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 2 for VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: CPU usage (self/children) user: 0.000000/0.000000 system: 0.001606/0.002565
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived[110736]: Stopped Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Gained quorum 1+0=1 <= 2 for VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.201.100]:tcp:443 for VS [192.168.200.100]:tcp:443
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.200.2]:tcp:1358 for VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.200.3]:tcp:1358 for VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.200.4]:tcp:1358 for VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.200.5]:tcp:1358 for VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Shutting down service [192.168.201.100]:tcp:443 from VS [192.168.200.100]:tcp:443
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Shutting down service [192.168.200.2]:tcp:1358 from VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Shutting down service [192.168.200.3]:tcp:1358 from VS [10.10.10.2]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Shutting down service [192.168.200.4]:tcp:1358 from VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Shutting down service [192.168.200.5]:tcp:1358 from VS [10.10.10.3]:tcp:1358
Oct 19 18:07:06 master1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[110737]: Stopped - used 0.001620 user time, 0.001620 system time
[root@master1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER  #单机就直接master，如果有备份机，备份机需要改成BACKUP
    interface ens32 #这个是根据ip address来的，就是本机的网卡名称
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100  #优先级
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.10.10.33 #这个地址是根据原来机器的ip来的，比如原ip：10.10.10.10，虚拟ip写成10.10.10.33或其他的，还可以配置多个虚拟ip，注意：如果有备份机，备份机也要和master配置是一样的
        10.10.10.34
        10.10.10.35
    }
}

测试：

1.需要安装nginx并且配置(nginx自己安装)

[root@master1 conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html
[root@master1 html]# vim test.html
this is a test url!


vim nginx.conf

 测试结果：

 二 、高可用安装配置:

在第二台机器上也安装keepalived，作为备份机（安装方法在上面）
第一台安装的作为主机

主机配置文件：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens32
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100 #主机优先级是100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.10.10.33
    }
}

备份机配置文件：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens32
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50 #备份机优先级改为50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.10.10.33
    }
}

测试：

正常情况

master:

backup: 

1.停掉master上的keeplived，查看backup上的请情况
正常：停掉master上的keepalived虚拟ip会跳到backup上

2.启动master上的keepalived，看backup上的情况

正常：启动master上的keepalived后，backup的虚拟ip会回到master上

master：

backup：

小邋遢2.0
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最新发布
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keepalived是一种用于实现高可用性的软件，主要用于在集群中检测服务的状态，并根据检测结果进行VIP（虚拟IP）的漂移。当keepalived进程异常时，会触发VIP漂移，将VIP转移到备用节点上，以确保网站的可用性。然而，如果keepalived进程正常，但是nginx服务发生故障，就可能导致VIP不漂移，从而导致网站无法访问。为了解决这个问题，可以自己编写一个脚本来检查nginx服务的状态，如果异常，则可以通过kill掉keepalived进程来实现VIP的漂移，或者重新启动nginx服务。下面以keepalived重新启动nginx为例进行说明： 1. 首先，需要安装keepalived软件。在proxy1和proxy2两个节点上执行以下命令进行安装： ``` yum install keepalived -y ``` 2. 然后，需要在每个keepalived节点上进行配置。以proxy1节点为例，编辑keepalived的配置文件： ``` vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ``` 在配置文件中添加以下内容： ``` ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id test111 # router_id后面的名称可以自定义 } vrrp_instance nginx_test { state MASTER interface ens33 # interface后面的名称为实际网卡名 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 # 优先级，数值越大，优先级越高，在主备竞选时，优先级高的节点将竞选为主节点 advert_int 1 authentication { # 同一组keepalived认证 auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { # 虚拟IP，可以设置为网站的访问IP 192.168.1.100 } } ``` 保存并退出配置文件。 通过上述步骤，我们就可以实现keepalived的高可用性，当nginx服务发生故障时，通过重新启动nginx服务或者kill掉keepalived进程来实现VIP的漂移，确保网站的可用性。&lt;span class=&quot;em&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;em&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;em&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;em&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;

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