数据类型之列表详解
列表的定义:
外面是中括号[],中间以逗号隔开,可以存放多种数据。
列:
>>> a=["lu","meng","xiang","1","2","3","a","b","c"]
>>> a
['lu', 'meng', 'xiang', '1', '2', '3', 'a', 'b', 'c']
在列表中我们可以存放数字,字母,以及字符串等等。
列表的特点:
1·可以存放多种数据类型
2·从左到右开始访问,每个元素都会有一个对应的下标(从0开始标起)
3·可以任意修改对应下标的值
接下来我们讲述对列表的详细操作,创建,增删改查切片等。
増
#构建一个列表
>>> a=["lu","meng","xiang","1","2","3","a","b","c"]
>>> a
['lu', 'meng', 'xiang', '1', '2', '3', 'a', 'b', 'c']
#利用append函数添加元素,只能在尾部添加
>>> a.append("fan")
>>> a
['lu', 'meng', 'xiang', '1', '2', '3', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'fan']
#insert插入函数
>>> a.insert(1,"522")#在下标为1的地方插入一个522
>>> a
['lu', '522', 'meng', 'xiang', '1', '2', '3', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'fan']
>>> a=["1","2","3"]
>>> b=["4","5","5"]
>>> a.extend(b)#列表合并,即将列表b与列表a合并
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '5']
>>>
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '5']
>>> c=["7","8","9"]
>>> a.insert(1,c)#列表嵌套
>>> a
['1', ['7', '8', '9'], '2', '3', '4', '5', '5']
删
>>> a=["1","2","3","4"]
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4']
>>> del a[0]#直接删除对应下标的元素
>>> a
['2', '3', '4']
>>> a.pop()#默认删除最后一个且返回删除的值
'4'
>>> a
['2', '3']
>>> a.pop(1)#删除下标为1的元素并返回该元素的值
'3'
>>> a
['2']
>>>
改
在这样介绍一下,在python中,元素的下标可以为负数(从右往左数)
>>> a=["1","2","3","4"]
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4']
>>> a[1]=1#直接找到对应下标修改
>>> a
['1', 1, '3', '4']
>>> a[-1]=1#从右往左第一个元素修改
>>> a
['1', 1, '3', 1]
>>>
查
>>> a=["1","2","3","4"]
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4']
>>> a.index("1")#从左往右查找该元素的第一个下标并返回下标值
0
>>> a.count("1")#查找该元素在列表中的数量并返回
1
>>>
切片
介绍:像切面包一样,将列表分成多个,从中取出,也可以同时取出多个值
特点:顾头不顾尾,即实际取出的值为start到end-1
>>> a=["1","2","3","4","5","6"]
>>> a
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']
>>> a[1:3]#取出下标1到3的值
['2', '3']
>>> a[:3]
['1', '2', '3']
>>> a[::1]#步长为1
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']
>>> a[::-1]#步长为-1,列表反转,即倒着取
['6', '5', '4', '3', '2', '1']
>>>
排序
a=[“6”,“5”,“4”,“3”,“2”,“1”]
a
[‘6’, ‘5’, ‘4’, ‘3’, ‘2’, ‘1’]a.sort()#排序函数
a
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’]a=[“lu”,“1”,“2”,"!","#"]
a.sort()
a
[’!’, ‘#’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘lu’]
由这段代码看出,当数据元素多种多样时,函数又是怎么排序的呢?其实答案全在下面这张图中
列表的输出
即列表的遍历我们需要用到for循环
>>> a=["1","2","3","4","5"]
>>> for i in a:
print(i)
1
2
3
4
5
>>>