LVM逻辑卷案例，验证xfsdump无损效果

生产环境

/空间不足，/home空间过大，减小/home容量来增加/容量
通俗来说，从/home下减少一部分容量，给/

安装操作系统时预留root、home、data分区的磁盘空间

[root@xxx ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   25G  1.3G   24G    5% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M    2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /media
/dev/sda1               1014M  135M  880M   14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-data   10G   33M   10G    1% /data
/dev/mapper/centos-home   19G   33M   19G    1% /home
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0

xfsdump命令

在减小LVM逻辑卷容量大小的时候，我们无法做到对xfs文件系统的无损缩小

但是，我们可以借助数据备份和数据恢复来实现

利用xfsdump工具的备份功能将数据备份

创建用户，并用该用户下载些文件，来查看xfsdump命令的无损效果

注意：
1、xfsdump 不支持没有挂载的文件系统备份！所以只能备份已挂载的！
2、xfsdump 必须使用 root才能操作
3、xfsdump 只能备份 XFS 文件系统
4、 xfsrestore 解析

[root@xxx ~]# useradd laox
[root@xxx ~]# su - laox
[laox@xxx ~]$ pwd
/home/laox
[laox@xxx ~]$ rz
[laox@xxx ~]$ ll
总用量 15492
-rw-r--r-- 1 laox laox 15863668 2月  24 21:23 《鸟哥的Linux私房菜-基础篇》第四版.pdf

格式：

xfsdump   -f   备份文件名（备份到哪里）   需要备份的文件/目录

注意：此处需要交互写入两个标签名称，统一用home即可

[root@xxx ~]# xfsdump -f /data/home.xfsdump /home
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control

 ============================= dump label dialog ==============================

please enter label for this dump session (timeout in 300 sec)
 -> home
session label entered: "home"

 --------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------

xfsdump: level 0 dump of xxx:/home
xfsdump: dump date: Thu Apr 23 20:56:37 2020
xfsdump: session id: 6b77cbec-e5f2-4c27-bc6b-c10269fa5321
xfsdump: session label: "home"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 15949312 bytes
xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created

 ============================= media label dialog =============================

please enter label for media in drive 0 (timeout in 300 sec)
 -> home
media label entered: "home"

 --------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------

xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 15901792 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 15873144 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 90 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump:   stream 0 /data/home.xfsdump OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

fuser命令

在生产环境中，为了防止我们在对/home进行操作时，有用户尽在操作，所以我们需要先卸载/home关联停止/home对应文件系统的所有进程

[root@xxx ~]# yum install -y psmisc
[root@xxx ~]# fuser -km /home

lvreduce命令

将/home容量减小

[root@xxx ~]# umount /home/
[root@xxx ~]# lvreduce -L 9G /dev/centos/
/dev/centos/data  /dev/centos/home  /dev/centos/root  /dev/centos/swap  
[root@xxx ~]# lvreduce -L 9G /dev/centos/home
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 9.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce centos/home? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume centos/home changed from <18.70 GiB (4786 extents) to 9.00 GiB (2304 extents).
  Logical volume centos/home successfully resized.
[root@xxx ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/centos/home 
meta-data=/dev/centos/home       isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=589824 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2359296, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@xxx ~]# mount /dev/centos/home /home/
[root@xxx /home]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   25G  1.3G   24G    5% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M    2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /media
/dev/sda1               1014M  135M  880M   14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-data   10G   48M   10G    1% /data
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/centos-home  9.0G   33M  9.0G    1% /home

校验xfsdump命令无损效果

解压命令xfsrestore

格式：
xfsrestore -f 备份文件 备份目标地

[root@xxx /home]# xfsrestore -f /data/home.xfsdump /home

[root@xxx /home]# ll
总用量 0
drwx------ 4 laox laox 172 4月  23 20:55 laox
[root@xxx /home]# ll /home/laox
总用量 15492
-rw-r--r-- 1 laox laox 15863668 2月  24 21:23 《鸟哥的Linux私房菜-基础篇》第四版.pdf

无损效果很好

lvextend命令

把从/home减小出的容量，增加到/里

[root@xxx /home]# lvextend -l +100%FREE //dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 25.00 GiB (6400 extents) to <34.71 GiB (8885 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@xxx /home]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1638400 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=6553600, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=3200, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 6553600 to 9098240
[root@xxx /home]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   35G  1.3G   34G    4% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M    2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /media
/dev/sda1               1014M  135M  880M   14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-data   10G   48M   10G    1% /data
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/centos-home  9.0G   48M  9.0G    1% /home