matplotlib学习笔记（七）

导入模块

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

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设置3D坐标系：

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
 

1.3D曲面

plot_suface函数 绘制曲面

ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,rstride,cstride,cmap)

x,y,z: 三维数据

rstride: 数组行距（指定行跨度）

cstride: 数组行距（指定列跨度）

cmap: 颜色映射

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(-2,2,0.1)
Y = np.arange(-2,2,0.1)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(X,Y)

def f(x,y):
    return(1-y**5+x**5)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)

surface = ax.plot_surface(X,Y,f(X,Y), rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.cm.jet)
fig.colorbar(surface)
ax.view_init(elev=30,azim=125)  # 设置视角（elev为视角高度，azim为曲面旋转角度）
plt.show()

2.3D散点图

scatter(x,y,z,color,marker)

x,y,z: 三维数据

color: 颜色

marker: 标记样式

x = np.random.randint(30,40,100)
y = np.random.randint(20,30,100)
z = np.random.randint(10,20,100)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

ax.scatter(x,y,z,c='r',marker='*')
ax.set_xlabel('x Label')
ax.set_ylabel('y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('z Label')
plt.show()

 

3.3D条形柱状图

bar(x,y,z,zdir,color)

x = np.arange(8)
y1 = [1,3,9,3,6,2,3,6]
y2 = [2,5,3,1,7,9,3,6]
y3 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
color = ['r','c','b','brown','C1','C2',"y",'m']

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

ax.bar(x,y1,1,zdir='y',color=color)
ax.bar(x,y2,2,zdir='y',color=color)
ax.bar(x,y3,3,zdir='y',color=color)
ax.set_xlabel('x Label')
ax.set_ylabel('y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('z Label')
ax.view_init(elev=40) #设置视角
plt.show()

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参考:

法比奥·内利. Python数据分析实战：第2版.北京：人民邮电出版社, 2019.11.