基本字符驱动模板

 一、驱动文件

这里以timer名字为例，基本的字符模板如下，用作其它实验只需要修改有关“timer”名字即可

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>

#define TIMER_CNT 1
#define TIMER_NAME "timer"

/*timer设备结构体*/
struct timer_dev{
    dev_t devid;/*设备号*/
    int major;/*主设备号*/
    int minor;/*次设备号*/
    struct cdev cdev;/*cdev表示一个字符设备*/
    struct class *class;/*类*/
    struct device *device;/*设备*/
}timer;/*timer设备*/

static int timer_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    filp->private_data = &timer;/* 设置私有数据 */
    return 0;
}
static ssize_t timer_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    return 0;
}
static ssize_t timer_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
			 size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
    int ret = 0;


    return ret;
}
static int timer_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    
    return 0;
}

/* 设备操作集 */
static const struct file_operations timer_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = timer_open,
    .read = timer_read,
    .write = timer_write,
    .release = timer_release,
};

/*驱动入口函数*/
static int __init timer_init(void){
    int ret =0;
    /*注册字符设备驱动*/
    timer.major = 0;
    if(timer.major){ /*指定设备号*/
        timer.devid = MKDEV(timer.major,0);/*构建设备号*/
        ret = register_chrdev_region(timer.devid,TIMER_CNT,TIMER_NAME);/*注册设备号*/
    }else{/*未指定设备号*/
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&timer.devid,0,TIMER_CNT,TIMER_NAME);/*申请设备号*/
        timer.major = MAJOR(timer.devid);/*提取出主设备号*/
        timer.minor = MINOR(timer.devid);/*提取出次设备号*/
    }
    if(ret < 0){
        goto fail_devid;
    }
    printk("timer.major = %d,timer.minor = %d\r\n", timer.major,timer.minor);
    /*初始化cdev*/
    timer.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&timer.cdev,&timer_fops);
    /*向 Linux 系统添加这个字符设备*/
    ret = cdev_add(&timer.cdev,timer.devid,TIMER_CNT);
    if(ret < 0){
        goto fail_cdev;
    }
    /*设备文件节点的自动创建与删除*/
    /*创建类*/
    timer.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,TIMER_NAME);
    if(IS_ERR(timer.class)){
        ret = PTR_ERR(timer.class);
        goto fail_class;
    }
    /*在类下创建设备,生成/dev/TIMER_NAME这个设备文件*/
    timer.device = device_create(timer.class,NULL,timer.devid,NULL,TIMER_NAME);
    if(IS_ERR(timer.device)){
        ret = PTR_ERR(timer.device);
        goto fail_device;
    }

    return 0;
fail_device:
    class_destroy(timer.class);
fail_class:
    cdev_del(&timer.cdev);    
fail_cdev:
    unregister_chrdev_region(timer.devid,TIMER_CNT);
fail_devid:
    return ret;
}
/*驱动出口函数*/
static void __exit timer_exit(void){

    device_destroy(timer.class,timer.devid);/*删除设备*/
    class_destroy(timer.class);/*删除类*/
    cdev_del(&timer.cdev); /*Linux 内核中删除相应的字符设备*/
    unregister_chrdev_region(timer.devid,TIMER_CNT);/*释放设备号*/
}

/*注册和卸载驱动*/
module_init(timer_init);
module_exit(timer_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("ba che kai qi lai");

二、makefile模板

修改KERNELDIR = 开发板所用的 Linux 内核源码目录，使用绝对路径

修改obj-m = 编译的名字

KERNELDIR := /home/ubantu22/my_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga_my

CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)

obj-m := imx6uirq.o

build : kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

三、头文件 

按下“Crtl+Shift+P”打开 VSCode 的控制台，然后输入“C/C++: Edit configurations(JSON) ”，打开 C/C++编辑配置文件，如下图 所示

 按下图配置。Linux 内核源码目录绝对路径/相关的头文件目录