Linux-查看Linux系统的运行级别

运行级别基本介绍

方法1、查看Linux系统的运行级别：runlevel命令

[root@sr ~]# runlevel		# 查看运行级别
N 3		# 可以看到是运行级别3（多用户有网络）
[root@sr ~]# runlevel --help		# runlevel 命令的帮助文档
runlevel [OPTIONS...]

Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.

     --help      Show this help
[root@sr ~]#

参数说明：

• N：N表示自系统启动后，运行级别尚未更改。
• 3：3表示系统的当前运行级别。

方法2、查看Linux系统的运行级别：who -r命令

[root@sr ~]# who -r		# 查看运行级别
         run-level 3  2021-06-05 09:59
[root@sr ~]# who --help		# who 命令的帮助文档
Usage: who [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Print information about users who are currently logged in.

  -a, --all         same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
  -b, --boot        time of last system boot
  -d, --dead        print dead processes
  -H, --heading     print line of column headings
  -l, --login       print system login processes
      --lookup      attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
  -m                only hostname and user associated with stdin
  -p, --process     print active processes spawned by init
  -q, --count       all login names and number of users logged on
  -r, --runlevel    print current runlevel		# 打印当前运行级别
  -s, --short       print only name, line, and time (default)
  -t, --time        print last system clock change
  -T, -w, --mesg    add user's message status as +, - or ?
  -u, --users       list users logged in
      --message     same as -T
      --writable    same as -T
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

If FILE is not specified, use /var/run/utmp.  /var/log/wtmp as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: 'am i' or 'mom likes' are usual.

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'who invocation'
[root@sr ~]#

方法3、查看Linux系统的运行级别：查看配置文件

参考资料：【Linux】Systemd 详解

运行级别	sysvinit系统	systemd系统
0	关机	shutdown.target
1	单用户模式	rescue.target
2	多用户模式，无网络服务	multi-user.target
3	多用户模式，有网络服务	multi-user.target
4	系统未使用，保留给用户	multi-user.target
5	图形界面	graphical.target
6	系统重启	reboot.target

1、sysvinit系统：/etc/inittab配置文件中这一行的数字：id: 5: initdefault

2、systemd系统：

（1）systemctl get-default命令

[root@sr ~]# cat /etc/inittab		# 查看文件 /etc/inittab 的内容
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3		# multi-user.target 类似于 运行级别3
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5		# graphical.target 类似于 运行级别5
#
# To view current default target, run:		# 要查看当前默认target，运行下面的命令：
# systemctl get-default
#
# To set a default target, run:		# 要设置默认target，运行下面的命令：
# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
#
[root@sr ~]# systemctl get-default		# 查看运行级别
multi-user.target		# multi-user.target 类似于 运行级别3
[root@sr ~]#

（2）查看/etc/systemd/system/default.target配置文件

[root@sr ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/default.target		# 查看配置文件
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Multi-User System
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
Requires=basic.target
Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
After=basic.target rescue.service rescue.target
AllowIsolate=yes
[root@sr ~]#

扩展知识

1、对于sysvinit系统，它将从以下位置执行：

运行级别0 - /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/
运行级别1 - /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/
运行级别2 - /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/
运行级别3 - /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/
运行级别4 - /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/
运行级别5 - /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/
运行级别6 - /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/

2、对于systemd系统，它将从以下位置执行：

runlevel1.target – /etc/systemd/system/rescue.target
runlevel2.target – /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
runlevel3.target – /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
runlevel4.target – /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
runlevel5.target – /etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants

参考资料：Linux:检查当前运行级别的五种方法
参考资料：P22_022_尚硅谷_Linux实操篇_实用指令 运行级别和找回root密码