GUI编程概述

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-11 23:15:25 发布

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分类专栏： Java学习补充

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GUI编程

组件：

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标事件
键盘事件
GUI的的核心技术：Swing/ AWT

一.AWT

介绍：抽象的窗口工具，包含很多的类和接口

元素：窗口，按钮，文本框

1.1组件和容器

Frame
顶级窗口

package com.wangxu.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame对象  看源码
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个JAVA图形界面窗口");
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40, 101, 153));
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

Panel

Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到容器中

package com.wangxu.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(34, 60, 224));

        //panel 设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(20, 125, 73));
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
               System.exit(0);
            }
        });



    }
}

2.布局管理器

流式布局

package com.wangxu.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件--按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置为流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }
}

东南西北中

package com.wangxu.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button south= new Button("South");
        Button center= new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(600,600);
        frame.setVisible(true);




    }
}

表格布局

package com.wangxu.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4= new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5= new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6= new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        frame.pack();
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

如图，其代码实现为

package com.wangxu.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TEST {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(400,300);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        Panel P1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel P2= new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel P3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel P4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        P1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        P1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        P2.add(new Button("P2-btn-1"));
        P2.add(new Button("P2-btn-2"));
        P1.add(P2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        P3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        P3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            P4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        P3.add(P4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(P1);
        frame.add(P3);
    }
}

3.事件监听

package com.wangxu.Lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮触发事件
        Button button = new Button();
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        WindowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private  static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaaa");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.wangxu.Lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮实现同一个监听
        // 开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("Stop");
        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮去只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class  MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg"+e.getActionCommand());
        
    }
}

4.输入框TextField监听

package com.wangxu.Lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestField01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听这个文本框输入的东西
        MyActionListen2 myActionListen2 = new MyActionListen2();
        //按下Enter就会触发输入框事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListen2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }

}
class MyActionListen2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());
        field.setText("");
    }
}

简易计算器

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Claculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Clac();
    }
}
//计算器类
class  Clac extends Frame{
    public Clac(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(10);

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyClacListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}
//监听器类
class MyClacListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取3个变量
    private  TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyClacListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得数字
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值运算后放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        
        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Claculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Clac().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class  Clac extends Frame{
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyClacListener(this));

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}
//监听器类
class MyClacListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象
    Clac clac = null;
    public MyClacListener(Clac clac){
        this.clac=clac;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得数字
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(clac.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(clac.num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值运算后放到第三个框
        clac.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个框
        clac.num1.setText("");
        clac.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类

优化代码

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Claculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Clac().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class  Clac extends Frame{
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyClacListener());

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
    private  class MyClacListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得数字
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

            //2.将这个值运算后放到第三个框
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

            //3.清除前两个框
          num1.setText("");
          num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyClacListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象
    Clac clac = null;
    public MyClacListener(Clac clac){
        this.clac=clac;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得数字
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(clac.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(clac.num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值运算后放到第三个框
        clac.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个框
        clac.num1.setText("");
        clac.num2.setText("");
    }
}

5.画笔

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class Paint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class  MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔需要有颜色，可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//空心圆
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
        //画笔用完将他还原为最初的颜色

    }
}

6.鼠标监听

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//测试鼠标监听
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title)  {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());


    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //监听鼠标
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标点击
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都要重画一遍
            myFrame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

7.窗口监听

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame()  {
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowFocusListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("你点击了X");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
        }
    }
}

8.键盘监听

package com.wangxu.Lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame() {
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if (KeyCode== KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上");
                }
            }
        });

    }
}

二.Swing

2.1窗口

package com.wangxu.Lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JframeDeno02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJframe2().inint();
    }
}
class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
    public void inint(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        //设置文字Jlabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎");
        this.add(jLabel);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //容器实例化
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
    }

}

2.2弹窗

package com.wangxu.Lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo()  {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        
        //JFrame
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击按钮的时候弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class  MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(new Label("学习java"));
    }
}

2.3面板

package com.wangxu.Lesson05;

import com.wangxu.Lesson04.JFrameDemo;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));

        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(panel);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

package com.wangxu.Lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习");
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

等我千分就网恋

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GUI编程概述

GUI编程组件：窗口弹窗面板文本框列表框按钮图片监听事件鼠标事件键盘事件GUI的的核心技术：Swing/ AWT一.AWT介绍：抽象的窗口工具，包含很多的类和接口元素：窗口，按钮，文本框1.1组件和容器Frame顶级窗口package com.wangxu.lesson01;import java.awt.*;//GUI的第一个界面public class TestFrame { public stati
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