C++学习第九十一篇

/*
* 多态案例——计算器类
* 案例描述：分别利用普通写法和多态技术，设计实现两个操作数进行运算的计算器类
* 多态优点：
* 1、代码组织结构清晰
* 2、可读性强
* 3、利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护
* C++开发提倡利用多态设计程序架构，因为多态优点很多
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//普通实现
class Calculator
{
public:
	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if (oper == "+")
		{
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "-")
		{
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "*")
		{
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
		//如果要提供新的运算，需要修改源码
		//在真实的开发中，提倡开闭原则
		//开闭原则：对扩展进行开放，对修改进行关闭
	}
public:
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

void test01()
{
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;

	cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;

	cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}

//多态实现
//抽象计算机类
//多态优点：代码组织结构清晰，可读性强，利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护
class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()	//虚函数
	{
		return 0;
	}
	
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

//加法计算器
class AddCalcultor : public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()//重写父类虚函数
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
	}
};

//减法计算器
class SubCalculator: public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult() {
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}
};

//乘法计算器
class MulCalculator: public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}
};

void test02()
{
	//创建加法计算器
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
	AbstractCalculator* abc = new AddCalcultor();
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;  //用完了记得销毁
		//创建减法计算器
	abc = new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " - " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;

	//创建乘法计算器
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " * " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
}
int main()
{
	test02();
	cout<<"Hello World!"<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}