玩转JDK10和JDK11常见特性

1、JDK10之局部变量类型推断var

Java是一种强类型, 许多流行的编程语言都已经支持局部变量类型推断，如js，Python，C++等JDK10 可以使用var作为局部变量类型推断标识符

Local-Variable Type Inference（局部变量类型推断），顾名思义只能用做为局部变量
注意：
1.仅适用于局部变量，如 增强for循环的索引，传统for循环局部变量
2.不能使用于方法形参、构造函数形参、方法返回类型或任何其他类型的变量声明
3.标识符var不是关键字，而是一个保留类型名称，而且不支持类或接口叫var,也不符合命名规范

//根据推断为 字符串类型 
var strVar = "springboot"; 
System.out.println(strVar instanceof String);
//根据10L 推断long 类型 
var longVar = 10L;
//根据 true推断 boolean 类型 
var flag = true;
var flag = Boolean.valueOf("true"); 
System.out.println(flag instanceof Boolean);

// 推断 ArrayList<String>
var listVar = new ArrayList<String>(); 
System.out.println(listVar instanceof ArrayList);

// 推断 Stream<String>
var streamVar = Stream.of("aa", "bb", "cc");
System.out.println(streamVar instanceof Stream);
if(flag){ 
	System.out.println("这个是 flag 变量，值为true"); 
}
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 	System.out.println(i); 
}
try (var input = new FileInputStream("validation.txt")) { 
}

2、JDK11之新增HttpClient客户端

这个功能在JDK 9中引入并在JDK 10中得到了更新，最终JDK11正式发布，支持 HTT/1.1, HTTP/2
官方文档 http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/321

常用类和接口：
HttpClient.Builder -------- HttpClient 构建工具类
HttpRequest.Builder---------HttpRequest 构建工具类
HttpRequest.BodyPublisher---------将java 对象转换为可发送的HTTP request body字节流, 如form表单提交
HttpResponse.BodyHandler-----------处理接收到的 Response Body

创建HttpClient

//var httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();
var httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

提交get请求

private static final String targetUrl = "http://api.xdclass.net/pub/api/v1/web/all_category";
//创建请求路径
 private static final URI uri = URI.create(targetUrl);
 
//GET请求 
private static void testGet() {
	//var httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
	//设置建立连接超时 connect timeout
	var httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(5000)).build();
	//设置读取数据超时 read timeout   //key:参数名 v:值
	var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
	.timeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000)) 
	.header("key1", "v1") 
	.header("key2", "v2") 
	.uri(uri).build();
		try {
			//处理接收到的结果
			var response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
			System.out.println(response.body());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}		

提交Post请求

private static final String targetUrl ="https://api.xdclass.net/pub/api/v1/web/web_login";
private static final URI uri = URI.create(targetUrl);
//POST请求
private static void testPost() {
	var httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
	var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
			.uri(uri)
			//json格式则使用下面数据
			//.header("Content-Type", "application/json")
			//.POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString("{\"phone\":\"13113777337\",\"pwd\":\"1234567890\"}"))
			//form表单则使用下面配置
			.header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-formurlencoded")
			.POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString("phone=13113777337&pwd=1234567890"))
			.build();
	try {
	 	var response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()); 
	 	System.out.println(response.body());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}	 	 		

提交异步GET请求

//异步GET请求
private static final String targetUrl = "http://api.xdclass.net/pub/api/v1/web/all_category"; 
private static final URI uri = URI.create(targetUrl);
//异步请求通过CompletableFuture实现。
	private static void testAsynGet(){
		var httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();
		var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder().timeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000)) 
		.header("key1", "v1") 
		.header("key2", "v2") 
		.uri(uri).build();
	try {
			CompletableFuture<String> result = httpClient
			.sendAsync(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
			.thenApply(HttpResponse::body);
			System.out.println(result.get());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}	
	}	

提交http2请求

HTTP2协议的强制要求https，如果目标URI是HTTP的，则无法法使用HTTP 2协议

private static final String targetUrl = "https://http2.akamai.com/demo";
private static final URI uri = URI.create(targetUrl);
private static void testHttp2() {
		var httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder() 
				.connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000)) 
				.version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2) 
				.build();
		var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() 
				.timeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000))
				.header("key1", "v1") 
				.header("key2", "v2") 
				.uri(uri) 
				.build();
		try {
				var response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()); 
				System.out.println(response.body()); 
				System.out.println(response.version());
			} catch (Exception e) {	
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}		

3、jdk11类新增repeat

public class Main { 
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
		String text = "xdclass.net"; 
		//String类新增repeat(int num) 方法，用于字符串循环输出 		            
		System.out.println(text.repeat(2)); 
	}
}