KALI LINUX系统相关问题详解，持续更新

1.新建虚拟机后只有普通用户设置没有root权限，如何提权或切换用户？

从Kali Linux 2019.4开始，默认安装过程将创建一个普通用户。同时在安装过程中没有为root用户设置密码，也不知道其密码。所以，系统安装成功后，只能使用新创建的普通用户登录。但是，一些操作需要root权限才可以执行，如ifconfig命令。此时，用户可以使用sudo命令，快速切换普通用户为root用户。

我倾向于通过sudo passwd root来设置root用户密码以便后续使用。

┌──(dc㉿kali01)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ sudo passwd root                                                   127 ⨯

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

[sudo] password for dc: 
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
                                                                             
┌──(dc㉿kali01)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ su root         
Password: 
┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# su dc
┌──(dc㉿kali01)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ sudo su root
┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# su dc
┌──(dc㉿kali01)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ 

2.pip2 pip3 python2 python3安装

最开始的时候kali是不带pip的，至少2020版是这样的
若在终端输入pip,会报错：

zsh: corrupt history file /home/dc/.zsh_history
┌──(dc㉿kali01)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ pip install gmpy2        
Command 'pip' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install python3-pip

安装pip2

：

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python2 get-pip.py  

详细代码如下：

┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py      1 ⨯
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--       0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--      33 1863k   33  624k    0     0   480k      0  0:00:03  0:00:01  0:00:02  480100 1863k  100 1863k    0     0   924k      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:--  924k
                                                                             
┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# python2 get-pip.py                                             
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.                                                                            
Collecting pip<21.0
  Downloading pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 792 kB/s 
Collecting wheel
  Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: pip, wheel
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4 wheel-0.36.2

查看pip2版本

：

┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# pip -V            
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)
                                                                             
┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# pip2 --version
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)

安装pip3并查看版本号

：
pip3不需要python2 get-pip.py这样的语句了

curl -s https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3  
pip3 --version

详细代码如下：

┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# curl -s https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3             127 ⨯
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-21.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 805 kB/s 
Collecting wheel
  Using cached wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: wheel, pip
Successfully installed pip-21.1.2 wheel-0.36.2
WARNING: Running pip as root will break packages and permissions. You should install packages reliably by using venv: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv   
                                                                             
┌──(root💀kali01)-[/home/dc/Desktop]
└─# pip3 --version
pip 21.1.2 from /usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/pip (python 3.9)

3.kali 2020 安装了python2,python3默认使用pip,不是pip3

apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-pip

4.Linux下安装gedit

sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install gedit-gmate                 
sudo apt-get install gedit-plugins               
sudo apt-get remove gedit 
sudo apt-get install gedit