python进阶-11.pandas基本数据类型（2）

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from pandas import Series,DataFrame

通过字典中 包含字典 创建个DataFrame

dict_city={
    'shanghai':{2019:54000,2020:56000},
    'beijing':{2018:66666,2019:77777}
}
df_city=DataFrame(dict_city)
df_city

	shanghai	beijing
2019	54000.0	77777.0
2020	56000.0	NaN
2018	NaN	66666.0

dict_city={
    'shanghai':{2019:54000,2020:56000},
    'beijing':{2018:66666,2019:77777}
}
dict_city

{'shanghai': {2019: 54000, 2020: 56000}, 'beijing': {2018: 66666, 2019: 77777}}

增加数据

• df_city.insert(loc, column, value, allow_duplicates=False)
• loc: 索引位置
• column：列名称
• value：值
• allow_duplilcates:是否允许重复

df_city

	shanghai	beijing
2019	54000.0	77777.0
2020	56000.0	NaN
2018	NaN		66666.0

• 新增深圳的数据 到 df_city中

df_city.insert(2,'shenzhen',[60000,80000,70000])
df_city

	shanghai	beijing	shenzhen
2019	54000.0	77777.0	60000
2020	56000.0	NaN		80000
2018	NaN		66666.0	70000

df_city.insert(2,'shenzhen',[60000,80000,70000],allow_duplicates=True)
df_city

	shanghai	beijing	shenzhen	shenzhen
2019	54000.0	77777.0	60000	60000
2020	56000.0	NaN		80000	80000
2018	NaN		66666.0	70000	70000

df_city[['shanghai','beijing','shenzhen']]
df_city

	shanghai	beijing	shenzhen	shenzhen
2019	54000.0	77777.0		60000	60000
2020	56000.0	NaN			80000	80000
2018	NaN		66666.0		70000	70000

dict_city={
    'shanghai':{2019:54000,2020:56000},
    'beijing':{2018:66666,2019:77777}
}
df_city=DataFrame(dict_city)
df_city

	shanghai	beijing
2019	54000.0	77777.0
2020	56000.0	NaN
2018	NaN		66666.0

df_city.index

Int64Index([2019, 2020, 2018], dtype='int64')

df_city.columns

Index(['shanghai', 'beijing'], dtype='object')

给行列取个名称

df_city.index.name='年份'
df_city.columns.name='城市'
df_city

城市	shanghai	beijing
年份		
2019	54000.0		77777.0
2020	56000.0		NaN
2018	NaN			66666.0

df_city.index

Int64Index([2019, 2020, 2018], dtype='int64', name='年份')

我们可以单独创建索引对象，用来创建数据

pd.Index(
s=Series([1,2,3,4],index=['a','b','c','d'])
s.index.name='haha'
s
s.index

Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], dtype='object', name='haha')

s2=Series([2,4,5,6],index=pd.Index(['a','b','c','d'],name='字母'))
s2

字母
a    2
b    4
c    5
d    6
dtype: int64

创建一个 用 日期 做索引的数据

pd.date_range(start，end，periods)

• start 开始日期
• end 结束日期
• periods 周期，间隔

pd.date_range('2020-08-01','2020-08-10')

DatetimeIndex(['2020-08-01', '2020-08-02', '2020-08-03', '2020-08-04',
           '2020-08-05', '2020-08-06', '2020-08-07', '2020-08-08',
           '2020-08-09', '2020-08-10'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

pd.date_range(start='2020-08-05',periods=10)

DatetimeIndex(['2020-08-05', '2020-08-06', '2020-08-07', '2020-08-08',
           '2020-08-09', '2020-08-10', '2020-08-11', '2020-08-12',
           '2020-08-13', '2020-08-14'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

pd.date_range(end='20200812',periods=20)

DatetimeIndex(['2020-07-24', '2020-07-25', '2020-07-26', '2020-07-27',
           '2020-07-28', '2020-07-29', '2020-07-30', '2020-07-31',
           '2020-08-01', '2020-08-02', '2020-08-03', '2020-08-04',
           '2020-08-05', '2020-08-06', '2020-08-07', '2020-08-08',
           '2020-08-09', '2020-08-10', '2020-08-11', '2020-08-12'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

data=DataFrame(np.random.randn(550,4),
              index=pd.date_range('2019-01-01',periods=550),
              columns='天，地，玄，黄'.split('，'))
data

				天			地			玄			黄
2019-01-01	-1.100782	-0.736156	0.065437	-0.602575
2019-01-02	1.296963	1.423391	3.390231	-0.057892
...	...	...	...	...

-0.602785
2020-07-02 0.791993 1.205519 0.073791 -1.284437
2020-07-03 -1.298447 0.519443 -0.075990 -0.243295
550 rows × 4 columns

data.loc['20190508']

天    0.466288
地    0.306702
玄   -0.653269
黄   -0.401242
Name: 2019-05-08 00:00:00, dtype: float64

data.loc['20190508':'20191010']

				天			地			玄			黄
2019-05-08	0.466288	0.306702	-0.653269	-0.401242
2019-05-09	-1.209363	-0.880524	0.027211	0.860171
2019-05-10	1.672365	0.013685	-0.069262	0.592141
...	...	...	...	...
2019-10-09	-0.645113	-0.963626	0.376894	-0.752427
2019-10-10	-1.149268	-2.190506	-2.008276	0.027101
156 rows × 4 columns

data.loc['2019-11']

				天			地			玄			黄
2019-11-01	0.235139	1.552186	-2.835154	-0.954115
2019-11-02	0.331377	-0.399864	-0.976208	0.095694
2019-11-03	1.062406	-0.011718	0.651712	-0.985060
2019-11-04	-0.680149	-2.013491	0.007301	-0.239927
2019-11-05	-0.574458	1.805574	-0.159081	-0.932177
..........
2019-11-27	-0.589245	1.300695	-1.317557	-1.822447
2019-11-28	-0.206663	0.652174	-1.413524	-0.967720
2019-11-29	-0.556445	-0.155306	-1.440397	-0.151424
2019-11-30	0.020656	-0.661730	-0.473776	2.642046