collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

项目场景：

我在Linux平台上用VIM写了一个C++测试文件，然后在编译的时候输入的指令是 gcc test.cpp -o test

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问题描述：

完事之后出来了这么一大片

/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x4cb): undefined reference to `std::cout'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x4d0): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x4e0): undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x4ea): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x4f5): undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
test.cpp:(.text+0x592): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x5a7): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >::_S_check_init_len(unsigned long, std::allocator<int> const&)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIiSaIiEE17_S_check_init_lenEmRKS0_[_ZNSt6vectorIiSaIiEE17_S_check_init_lenEmRKS0_]+0x62): undefined reference to `std::__throw_length_error(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `std::vector<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >, std::allocator<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > >::_S_check_init_len(unsigned long, std::allocator<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > const&)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIS_IiSaIiEESaIS1_EE17_S_check_init_lenEmRKS2_[_ZNSt6vectorIS_IiSaIiEESaIS1_EE17_S_check_init_lenEmRKS2_]+0x62): undefined reference to `std::__throw_length_error(char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::deallocate(int*, unsigned long)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim]+0x20): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >::deallocate(std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >*, unsigned long)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE10deallocateEPS3_m[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE10deallocateEPS3_m]+0x20): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >* std::__uninitialized_fill_n<false>::__uninit_fill_n<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >(std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > const&)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_[_ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_]+0x60): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_[_ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_]+0x78): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_[_ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIiSaIiEEmS4_EET_S6_T0_RKT1_]+0x84): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x30): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x40): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE8allocateEmPKv]+0x30): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
/usr/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIiSaIiEEE8allocateEmPKv]+0x49): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccrCCjIV.o:(.data.rel.local.DW.ref.__gxx_personality_v0[DW.ref.__gxx_personality_v0]+0x0): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

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原因分析：

经过仔细思考之后我发现，测试文件是用C++语言写的，而gcc是编译C语言的，所以需要改用g++比较合适

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解决方案：

我准备换成g++ test.cpp -o test，最后编译成功了。