侯捷Effective C++ 绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值

1.当重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值的时候。
C++为了提高效率：虚函数动态绑定，缺省参数值静态绑定。这样会造成调用一个派生类里面的虚函数的同时，会使用基类为它指定的缺省值。
代码如下：

```cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
public :
	enum shapeColor{Red,Green,Blue};
	virtual void draw(shapeColor color = Red) const = 0
	{
		cout << "Shape::draw() " << "Red" << endl;
	}
};
class Rectangle :public Shape
{
public :
	virtual void draw(shapeColor color = Green) const
	{
		cout << "Ractangle::draw() " << color << endl;
	}
};
class Circle :public Shape
{
public :
	virtual void draw(shapeColor color) const
	{
		cout << "Circle::draw() " << color << endl;
	}
};
int main()
{
	Shape* ps;
	Shape* pr = new Rectangle();
	Shape* pc = new Circle();

	pr->draw();
	pc->draw();

	return 0;
}

怎样能够解决这个问题呢？可以使用NVI(no-virtual-interface)手法：令base class 内的一个 public no-virtual 函数调用private virtual 函数，后者可以被派生类重新定义。
代码如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
public :
	enum shapeColor {Red,Geen,Blue};
	void draw(shapeColor color=Red) const
	{
		doDraw(color);
	}
private:
	virtual void doDraw(shapeColor color ) const = 0;
};
class Rectangle :public Shape
{
public :
	
private :
	virtual void doDraw(shapeColor color) const;
};
void Rectangle::doDraw(shapeColor color) const
{
	cout << "Rectangle::doDraw() " << color << endl;
}
class Circle :public Shape
{
public :
	
private :
	virtual void doDraw(shapeColor color) const;
};
void Circle::doDraw(shapeColor color) const
{
	cout << "Circle::doDraw() " << color << endl;
}

int main()
{
	Shape* ps;
	Shape* pr = new Rectangle();
	Shape* pc = new Circle();
	pc->draw(Shape::Blue);
	pr->draw();
	return 0;
}