多线程中的死锁

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QThread>
#include <QMutex>
#include <QDebug>

QMutex mutex1;
QMutex mutex2;

class ThreadA : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            mutex1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex1";

            mutex2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex2";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work";

            mutex2.unlock();

            mutex1.unlock();

            sleep(1);
        }

    }
};

class ThreadB : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            mutex2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex2";

            mutex1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex1";

            mutex1.unlock();

            mutex2.unlock();

            sleep(1);
        }

    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    ThreadA task1;
    ThreadB task2;

    task1.setObjectName("task1");
    task2.setObjectName("task2");

    task1.start();
    task2.start();

    return a.exec();
}

从输出结果可知产生了死锁，task2获得mutex2后，想继续获得mutex1,但此时task1已获得mutex1,因此task2只能阻塞等待，同理，task1也只能阻塞等待

更改后

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QThread>
#include <QMutex>
#include <QDebug>

QMutex mutex1;
QMutex mutex2;

class ThreadA : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            mutex1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex1";

            mutex2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex2";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work";

            mutex2.unlock();

            mutex1.unlock();

            sleep(1);
        }

    }
};

class ThreadB : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            mutex1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex1";

            mutex2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get mutex2";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work";

            mutex2.unlock();

            mutex1.unlock();

            sleep(1);
        }

    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    ThreadA task1;
    ThreadB task2;

    task1.setObjectName("task1");
    task2.setObjectName("task2");

    task1.start();
    task2.start();

    return a.exec();
}

小结：为避免死锁的发生下，需要

1、对所有的临界资源都分配一个唯一的序列号

2、对应的线程锁也分配同样的序号

3、系统中的每个线程按照严格递增的次序申请资源