多线程之死锁、生产者与消费者模型以及线程池

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-02 09:36:52 发布

深夜暗月

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-02 09:36:52 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47587613/article/details/118344831

版权

死锁产生的四个必要条件

互斥条件：一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用
请求与保持条件：一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时，对已获得的资源保持不放
不剥夺条件：进程已获得的资源，在未使用完之前，不能强制剥夺
循环等待条件：若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系

实例

package com.yeyue.thread;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
        new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
    }

}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror {

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

避免死锁

package com.yeyue.thread;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
        new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
    }

}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror {

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

synchronized与lock的对比

lock是显示锁（手动开启和关闭锁，别忘记关锁）synchronized是隐式锁，除了作用域自动释放
lock只有代码块锁，synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
使用lock锁，jvm将花费较少的时间来调度线程，性能更好。而且具有更好的扩展性（提供更多的子类）

优先使用顺序：

lock>同步代码块（已经进入方法体，分配了相应资源）>同步方法（在方法体之外）

实例

package com.yeyue.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{

    int ticketNums = 10;
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try{
                lock.lock();
                if(ticketNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

生产者消费者模型–>利用缓冲区解决：管程法

package com.yeyue.thread;

//测试：生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决：管程法

//生产者，消费者，产品，缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();

    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id ; //产品ID

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {

    //容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;


    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果产品满了，就需要生产者等待消费者消费
        if(count==chickens.length) {
            //通知消费者消费，生产等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满，我们就需要丢入产品
        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if(count==0){
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }












}

测试：生产者消费者模型2–>信号灯法

package com.yeyue.thread;

//测试：生产者消费者模型2-->信号灯法
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者：演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    //表演节目
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音：记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者：观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    //观看
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品：节目
class TV {
    //演员表演，观众等待 T
    //观众观看，演员等待 F
    String voice; //表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){

        //等待观众观看
        if (!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println("演员表演了：" + voice);

        this.notifyAll(); //通知观众观看
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized  void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了"+voice);

        this.notifyAll(); //通知演员表演
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

}

线程池

package com.yeyue.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、创建服务，创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数：线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2、关闭链接
        service.shutdown();

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}