网络编程之TCP、UDP和URL

TCP实现聊天

客户端

1. 连接服务器Socket
2. 发送消息

package com.yeyue.lesson2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpCliebtDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;

        try {
            //1、要知道服务器的地址，端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2、创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3、发送消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好啊，我的朋友！".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }


    }
}

服务器

1. 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2. 等待客户的连接 accept
3. 接收用的消息

package com.yeyue.lesson2;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            //1、得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true){
                //2、等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3、读取客户端信息
                is = socket.getInputStream();

                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    baos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

TCP实现文件上传

客户端

package com.yeyue.lesson2;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;


public class TcpCliebtDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //2、创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        //3、读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
        //4、写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知服务器我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput(); //我已经传输完了

        //确认服务端接收完毕了才可以断开
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5、关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务器

package com.yeyue.lesson2;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、创建服务器
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2、监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //3、获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4、文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("2.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());


        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP发送消息

发送端

package com.yeyue.lesson3;

import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.ref.DTMNodeListBase;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpClientDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2、建个包
        String msg = "你好啊，我的朋友";

        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9000;
        //数据，数据的起始，要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
        //3、发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4、关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端

package com.yeyue.lesson3;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet =  new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

自定义发送消息

发送端

package com.yeyue.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据：控制台读取system.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();

            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));

            String data1 = new String(datas,0,datas.length,"UTF-8");
            System.out.println(data1);

            socket.send(packet);

            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }

        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端

package com.yeyue.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;


public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while (true) {
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);

            System.out.println(receiveData);
            System.out.println(data.length);

//            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
//                System.out.println(data[i]);
//            }


            //断开连接 bye
            if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

老师与学生对话

老师

package com.yeyue.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"老师")).start();
    }
}

学生

package com.yeyue.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

发送服务器

package com.yeyue.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIp = toIp;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            String data = null;
            try {
                data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);

                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收服务器

package com.yeyue.chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private  String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹

                //断开连接 bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);

                System.out.println(msgFrom + " ：" + receiveData);

                //断开连接 bye
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }catch(IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        socket.close();
    }
}

URL

统一的资源定位符：定位资源，定位互联网上的某一个资源

协议：//IP地址：端口/项目名/资源

实例

package com.yeyue.lesson4;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class UrlDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yeyue&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());  //协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost()); // 主机IP
        System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath()); //全路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile()); //文件
        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
    }
}

URL下载文件

package com.yeyue.lesson4;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class UrlDownLoad {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://webfs.ali.kugou.com/202107011721/73be3332d43d20451d1143678abe97d5/KGTX/CLTX001/270df47a81871158c5846debbfc573f1.mp3");

        //链接到这个地址
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("3f1.mp3");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}