科普 | USB4 和 Thunderbolt 4 都带来了什么新改变?

本文介绍了USB4和Thunderbolt 4的新特性,USB4引入了隧道传输机制,支持DisplayPort 1.4a和可选的PCI-E隧道,速度最高可达40Gbps。Thunderbolt 4则着重于统一速度标准、加强安全性和便利性,如至少40Gbps速度、强制开启DMA保护和至少一个接口支持充电。
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随着带有 M1 芯片的 Mac 产品线发布,USB4 也逐渐进入大众的视野中。

不过,苹果官网的这张 M1 MacBook Pro介绍图可能会让很多人一头雾水,明明标注了USB4,可为什么下面的速度只提到 USB 3.1第二代?

令人疑惑的 M1 MacBook Pro 介绍图片:

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-tlqjANdU-1608019875325)(https://pic.macw.com/pic/202012/14153418_1863400271.jpeg)]

  • 此外,为什么宣传图里将雷雳和 USB4 放在了一起?USB4 和原先的 USB 3 协议有哪些不同?以及最新的雷雳 4(Thunderbolt 4,下文简称 TB 4)有哪些改变?你将能在这篇文章里得到解答。

比 USB 3 更好的 USB4 它来了

USB4 是最新一代 USB 规范标准1,带来了如下特性:

  • 更方便:统一的形状

  • 更合理:通过「隧道」进行传输

  • 更兼容:不仅兼容现在,也兼容未来

统一的形状,统一的接口

  • USB4 将只有 Type-C 这样形状的接口ÿ
This chapter presents an overview of Universal Serial Bus 4 (USB4™) architecture and key concepts. USB4 is similar to earlier versions of USB in that it is a cable bus supporting data exchange between a host computer and a wide range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. However, USB4 also allows a host computer to setup data exchange between compatible peripherals. The attached peripherals share bandwidth as configured by the host computer. The bus allows peripherals to be attached, configured, used, and detached while the host and other peripherals are in operation. When configured over a USB Type-C® connector interface, USB4 functionally replaces USB 3.2 while retaining USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel. Enhanced SuperSpeed USB, as defined in USB 3.2, remains the fundamental architecture for USB data transfer on a USB4 Fabric. The difference with USB4 versus USB 3.2 is that USB4 is a connection -oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface, so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared. USB4 allows for USB data transfers to operate in parallel with other independent protocols specific to display, load/store and host-to-host interfaces. Additionally, USB4 extends performance beyond the 20 Gbps (Gen 2 x 2) of USB 3.2 to 40 Gbps (Gen 3 x 2) over the same dual-lane, dual-simplex architecture. This specification introduces the concept of protocol tunneling to USB bus architecture. Besides tunneling Enhanced SuperSpeed USB (USB3), display tunneling based on DisplayPort (DP) protocol and load/store tunneling based on PCI Express (PCIe) are defined. These protocol tunnels operate independently over the USB4 transport and physical layers. Additionally, USB4 allocates packets for bus configuration and management, and packe ts can be allocated specifically for host-to-host data connections.
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