Anisble中的任务执行控制

一.循环

循环迭代任务

1.简单循环

loop:		##赋值列表
  - value1
  - value2
  - ...

{{item}} ##迭代变量名称

实例#

---
- name: create file
  hosts: 172.25.4.10
  tasks:
    - name: file module
      file:
        name: /mnt/{{item}}
        state: present

      loop:
        - westos_file1
        - westos_file2

2.循环散列或字典列表

- name: create file
  hosts: 172.25.4.10
  tasks:
    - name: file module
      service:
        name: "{{ item.name}}"
        state: "{{ item.state }}"
      loop:
        - name: httpd
          state: started
        - name: vsftpd
          state: stopped

eg:

二.条件

when:
- 条件1
- 条件2

条件判断

=	value == “字符串”,value == 数字
<	value < 数字
>	value > 数字
<=	value <= 数字
>=	value >= 数字
!=	value != 数字
is defined value	value is defined变量存在
is not defined	value is not defined 变量不存在
bool变量 为true value	value的值为true
bool变量 false not value	value的值为false
value in value2	value的值在value2列表中

多条条件组合
when：
条件1 and 条件2

when:
条件1 or 条件2

when: >
条件1
or
条件2

eg：

eg2：

三.触发器

notify: 触发器当遇到更改是触发handlers

handlers： 触发器触发后执行的动作

实例

• name: create virtualhost for web server
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  vars_files:
  ./vhost_list.yml
  tasks:

  • name: create document
    file:
    path: “{{web2.document}}”
    state: directory
  • name: create vhost.conf
    copy:
    dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
    content:
    “<VirtualHost *:{{web1.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web1.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web1.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web1.name}}.log combined\n\n\n<VirtualHost *:{{web2.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web2.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web2.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web2.name}}.log combined\n”
    notify:
    restart apache

  handlers:

  • name: restart apache
    service:
    name: httpd
    state: restarted

四.处理失败任务

1.ignore_errors
作用：
当play遇到任务失败是会终止
ignore_errors: yes 将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行

实例

---
- name: test
  dnf:
    name: westos
    state: latest
  ignore_errors: yes
  
- name: create file
  file:
    path: /mnt/westos
    state: touch
...

2.force_handlers
作用：
当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程

example

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 80
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      notify: restart apache

    - name: install error
      dnf:
        name: westos
        state: latest

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

3.changed_when
作用：
控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 8080
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      changed_when: true
      notify: restart apache


  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

4.failed_when
当符合条件时强制任务失败

---
- name: test
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
    - name: shell
      shell: echo hello
      register: westos
      failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"

5.block

block	定义要运行的任务
rescue	定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always	定义最终独立运行的任务

测试练习
建立playbook ~/westos.yml要求如下:
建立大小为1500M名为/dev/vdb1的设备
如果/dev/vdb不存在请输入:
/dev/vdb is not exist
如果/dev/vdb大小不足2G请输出：
/dev/vdb is less then 2G
并建立800M大小的/dev/vdb1
此设备挂载到/westos上