一.循环
循环迭代任务
1.简单循环
loop: ##赋值列表
- value1
- value2
- ...
{{item}} ##迭代变量名称
实例#
---
- name: create file
hosts: 172.25.4.10
tasks:
- name: file module
file:
name: /mnt/{{item}}
state: present
loop:
- westos_file1
- westos_file2
2.循环散列或字典列表
- name: create file
hosts: 172.25.4.10
tasks:
- name: file module
service:
name: "{{ item.name}}"
state: "{{ item.state }}"
loop:
- name: httpd
state: started
- name: vsftpd
state: stopped
eg:
二.条件
when:
- 条件1
- 条件2
条件判断
= | value == “字符串”,value == 数字 |
---|---|
< | value < 数字 |
> | value > 数字 |
<= | value <= 数字 |
>= | value >= 数字 |
!= | value != 数字 |
is defined value | value is defined变量存在 |
is not defined | value is not defined 变量不存在 |
bool变量 为true value | value的值为true |
bool变量 false not value | value的值为false |
value in value2 | value的值在value2列表中 |
多条条件组合
when:
条件1 and 条件2
when:
条件1 or 条件2
when: >
条件1
or
条件2
eg:
eg2:
三.触发器
notify: 触发器当遇到更改是触发handlers
handlers: 触发器触发后执行的动作
实例
-
name: create virtualhost for web server
hosts: 172.25.0.254
vars_files:
./vhost_list.yml
tasks:- name: create document
file:
path: “{{web2.document}}”
state: directory - name: create vhost.conf
copy:
dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
content:
“<VirtualHost *:{{web1.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web1.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web1.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web1.name}}.log combined\n\n\n<VirtualHost *:{{web2.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web2.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web2.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web2.name}}.log combined\n”
notify:
restart apache
handlers:
- name: restart apache
service:
name: httpd
state: restarted
- name: create document
四.处理失败任务
1.ignore_errors
作用:
当play遇到任务失败是会终止
ignore_errors: yes 将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行
实例
---
- name: test
dnf:
name: westos
state: latest
ignore_errors: yes
- name: create file
file:
path: /mnt/westos
state: touch
...
2.force_handlers
作用:
当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程
example
---
- name: apache change port
hosts: 172.25.0.254
force_handlers: yes
vars:
http_port: 80
tasks:
- name: configure apache conf file
lineinfile:
path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
regexp: "^Listen"
line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
notify: restart apache
- name: install error
dnf:
name: westos
state: latest
handlers:
- name: restart apache
service:
name: httpd
state: restarted
enabled: yes
3.changed_when
作用:
控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改
---
- name: apache change port
hosts: 172.25.0.254
force_handlers: yes
vars:
http_port: 8080
tasks:
- name: configure apache conf file
lineinfile:
path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
regexp: "^Listen"
line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
changed_when: true
notify: restart apache
handlers:
- name: restart apache
service:
name: httpd
state: restarted
enabled: yes
4.failed_when
当符合条件时强制任务失败
---
- name: test
hosts: 172.25.0.254
tasks:
- name: shell
shell: echo hello
register: westos
failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"
5.block
block | 定义要运行的任务 |
---|---|
rescue | 定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务 |
always | 定义最终独立运行的任务 |
测试练习
建立playbook ~/westos.yml要求如下:
建立大小为1500M名为/dev/vdb1的设备
如果/dev/vdb不存在请输入:
/dev/vdb is not exist
如果/dev/vdb大小不足2G请输出:
/dev/vdb is less then 2G
并建立800M大小的/dev/vdb1
此设备挂载到/westos上