python 趣味问题之四

1. 写出下列命令的结果

def scope_test():
    def do_local():
        spam = "local spam"

    def do_nonlocal():
        nonlocal spam
        spam = "nonlocal spam"

    def do_global():
        global spam
        spam = "global spam"

    spam = "test spam"
    do_local()
    print("After local assignment:", spam)
    do_nonlocal()
    print("After nonlocal assignment:", spam)
    do_global()
    print("After global assignment:", spam)

scope_test()
print("In global scope:", spam)

2.写出下列命令的结果

>>> class Complex:
...     def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart):
...         self.r = realpart
...         self.i = imagpart
...
>>> x = Complex(3.0, -4.5)
>>> x.r, x.i

3.写出下列命令的结果

class Dog:

    kind = 'canine'         # class variable shared by all instances

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name    # instance variable unique to each instance

>>> d = Dog('Fido')
>>> e = Dog('Buddy')
>>> d.kind                  # shared by all dogs

>>> e.kind                  # shared by all dogs

>>> d.name                  # unique to d

>>> e.name                  # unique to e

4.写出下列命令的结果

class Dog:

    tricks = []             # mistaken use of a class variable

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def add_trick(self, trick):
        self.tricks.append(trick)

>>> d = Dog('Fido')
>>> e = Dog('Buddy')
>>> d.add_trick('roll over')
>>> e.add_trick('play dead')
>>> d.tricks                # unexpectedly 

5.写出下列命令的结果

class Dog:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.tricks = []    # creates a new empty list for each dog

    def add_trick(self, trick):
        self.tricks.append(trick)

>>> d = Dog('Fido')
>>> e = Dog('Buddy')
>>> d.add_trick('roll over')
>>> e.add_trick('play dead')
>>> d.tricks

6.写出下列命令的结果

>>> s = 'abc'
>>> it = iter(s)
>>> it

>>> next(it)

>>> next(it)

>>> next(it)

>>> next(it)

7.写出下列命令的结果

>>> rev = Reverse('spam')
>>> iter(rev)

>>> for char in rev:
...     print(char)
...

8.写出下列命令的结果

>>> for char in reverse('golf'):
...     print(char)

9.写出下列命令的结果

>>> sum(i*i for i in range(10))                 # sum of squares


>>> xvec = [10, 20, 30]
>>> yvec = [7, 5, 3]
>>> sum(x*y for x,y in zip(xvec, yvec))         # dot product


>>> from math import pi, sin
>>> sine_table = {x: sin(x*pi/180) for x in range(0, 91)}

>>> unique_words = set(word  for line in page  for word in line.split())

>>> valedictorian = max((student.gpa, student.name) for student in graduates)

>>> data = 'golf'
>>> list(data[i] for i in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1))

10.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()      # Return the current working directory

>>> os.chdir('/server/accesslogs')   # Change current working directory
>>> os.system('mkdir today')   # Run the command mkdir in the system shell

11.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import os
>>> dir(os)

>>> help(os)

12.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copyfile('data.db', 'archive.db')
'archive.db'
>>> shutil.move('/build/executables', 'installdir')

13.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copyfile('data.db', 'archive.db')

>>> shutil.move('/build/executables', 'installdir')

14.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.py')

15.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.argv)

16.写出下列命令的结果

>>> sys.stderr.write('Warning, log file not found starting a new one\n')

17.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import re
>>> re.findall(r'\bf[a-z]*', 'which foot or hand fell fastest')

>>> re.sub(r'(\b[a-z]+) \1', r'\1', 'cat in the the hat')

18.写出下列命令的结果

>>> 'tea for too'.replace('too', 'two')

19.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import math
>>> math.cos(math.pi / 4)

>>> math.log(1024, 2)

20.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import random
>>> random.choice(['apple', 'pear', 'banana'])
'apple'
>>> random.sample(range(100), 10)   # sampling without replacement
>
>>> random.random()    # random float

>>> random.randrange(6)    # random integer chosen from range(6)

21.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import statistics
>>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5]
>>> statistics.mean(data)

>>> statistics.median(data)

>>> statistics.variance(data)

22.写出下列命令的结果

>>> # dates are easily constructed and formatted
>>> from datetime import date
>>> now = date.today()
>>> now

>>> now.strftime("%m-%d-%y. %d %b %Y is a %A on the %d day of %B.")


>>> # dates support calendar arithmetic
>>> birthday = date(1964, 7, 31)
>>> age = now - birthday
>>> age.days

23.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import zlib
>>> s = b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'
>>> len(s)

>>> t = zlib.compress(s)
>>> len(t)

>>> zlib.decompress(t)
b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'
>>> zlib.crc32(s)

24.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from timeit import Timer
>>> Timer('t=a; a=b; b=t', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()

>>> Timer('a,b = b,a', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()

25.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import reprlib
>>> reprlib.repr(set('supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'))

26.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import pprint
>>> t = [[[['black', 'cyan'], 'white', ['green', 'red']], [['magenta',
...     'yellow'], 'blue']]]
...
>>> pprint.pprint(t, width=30)

27.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import textwrap
>>> doc = """The wrap() method is just like fill() except that it returns
... a list of strings instead of one big string with newlines to separate
... the wrapped lines."""
...
>>> print(textwrap.fill(doc, width=40))

28.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'English_United States.1252')

>>> conv = locale.localeconv()          # get a mapping of conventions
>>> x = 1234567.8
>>> locale.format("%d", x, grouping=True)

>>> locale.format_string("%s%.*f", (conv['currency_symbol'],
...                      conv['frac_digits'], x), grouping=True)

30.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from string import Template
>>> t = Template('${village}folk send $$10 to $cause.')
>>> t.substitute(village='Nottingham', cause='the ditch fund')

31.写出下列命令的结果

>>> t = Template('Return the $item to $owner.')
>>> d = dict(item='unladen swallow')
>>> t.substitute(d)

32.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import time, os.path
>>> photofiles = ['img_1074.jpg', 'img_1076.jpg', 'img_1077.jpg']
>>> class BatchRename(Template):
...     delimiter = '%'
>>> fmt = input('Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format):  ')

33.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import weakref, gc
>>> class A:
...     def __init__(self, value):
...         self.value = value
...     def __repr__(self):
...         return str(self.value)
...
>>> a = A(10)                   # create a reference
>>> d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
>>> d['primary'] = a            # does not create a reference
>>> d['primary']                # fetch the object if it is still alive

>>> del a                       # remove the one reference
>>> gc.collect()                # run garbage collection right away

>>> d['primary']                # entry was automatically

34.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from array import array
>>> a = array('H', [4000, 10, 700, 22222])
>>> sum(a)

>>> a[1:3]

35.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from collections import deque
>>> d = deque(["task1", "task2", "task3"])
>>> d.append("task4")
>>> print("Handling", d.popleft())

36.写出下列命令的结果

>>> import bisect
>>> scores = [(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]
>>> bisect.insort(scores, (300, 'ruby'))
>>> scores

37.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush
>>> data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]
>>> heapify(data)                      # rearrange the list into heap order
>>> heappush(data, -5)                 # add a new entry
>>> [heappop(data) for i in range(3)]  

38.写出下列命令的结果

>>> from decimal import *
>>> round(Decimal('0.70') * Decimal('1.05'), 2)
Decimal('0.74')
>>> round(.70 * 1.05, 2)