Factory Method 定义
一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。Factory Method使得一个类的实例化延迟(目的:解耦,手段:虚函数)到子类。
Factory Method要点总结
(1)
Factory Method模式用于
隔离类对象的使用者和具体类型之间的耦合关系
。面对一个经常变化的具体类型,紧耦合关系(new)会导致软件的脆弱。
(2)
Factory Method模式通过面向对象的手法,
将所要创建的具体对象工作延迟到子类
,从而实现一种扩展(而非更改)的策略,较好地解决了这种紧耦合关系。
(3)
Factory Method模式解决“单个对象”的需求变化。缺点在于要
求创建方法/参数相同。
优化前
class ISplitter{
public:
virtual void split()=0;
virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter{};
class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter{};
class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter{};
class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter{};
class MainForm : public Form
{
TextBox* txtFilePath;
TextBox* txtFileNumber;
ProgressBar* progressBar;
public:
void Button1_Click(){
ISplitter * splitter = new BinarySplitter(); //依赖具体类
splitter->split();
}
};
优化后
//抽象类
class ISplitter{
public:
virtual void split()=0;
virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};
//工厂基类
class SplitterFactory{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()=0;
virtual ~SplitterFactory(){}
};
//具体类
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter {};
class TxtSplitter : public ISplitter {};
class PictureSplitter : public ISplitter {};
class VideoSplitter : public ISplitter {};
//具体工厂
class BinarySplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
return new BinarySplitter();
}
};
class TxtSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
return new TxtSplitter();
}
};
class PictureSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
return new PictureSplitter();
}
};
class VideoSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
return new VideoSplitter();
}
};
class MainForm : public Form
{
SplitterFactory* factory; //一个工厂,Button1_Click可以多次点击
public:
MainForm(SplitterFactory* factory){
this->factory=factory;
}
void Button1_Click(){
ISplitter * splitter = factory->CreateSplitter(); //多态new
splitter->split();
}
};