- 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
- 🍖 原作者:K同学啊
电脑环境:
语言环境:Python 3.8.0
编译器:Jupyter Notebook
深度学习环境:tensorflow 2.17.0
一、前期工作
1、ResNetV2结构与ResNet结构对比
改进点:(a)original表示原始的ResNet的残差结构,(b)proposed表示新的ResNet残差结构。主要差别就是(a)结构先卷积后进行BN和激活函数计算,最后执行addition后再进行ReLU计算;(b)结构先进行BN和激活函数计算后卷积,把addition后的ReLU计算放到了残差结构内部。
改进结果:作者使用这两种不同的结构在CiFAR-10数据集上做测试,模型使用的是1001层的ResNet模型。从图中我们可以看出,(b)proposed的测试集错误率明显更低,达到了4.92%的错误率,(a)original的测试集错误率为7.61%。
2、关于残差结构的不同尝试
(b-f)中的快捷连接被不同的组件障碍。为了简化插图,我们不显示BN层,这里属所有单位均采用权值层后的BN层。图中(a-f)都是作者对残差结构的shortcut部分进行的不同尝试,作者对不同shortcut结构的尝试结构如下表所示:
作者用不同的shortcut结构的ResNet-110在CIFAR-10数据集上做测试,发现原始的(a)original结构是最好的,也就是identity mapping 恒等映射是最好的。
3、关于激活的尝试
可以得出最好的结果是(e)full pre-activation,其次是(a)original。
二、模型复现
1、设置GPU
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device
2、导入数据
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os, PIL, pathlib
import numpy as np
data_dir = './bird_photos'
dat3a_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_path = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split('/')[1] for path in data_path]
classeNames
3、数据预处理
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize(
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
)
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder('./bird_photos', transform=train_transforms)
# 划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
batch_size = 8
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
4、导入模型
注意:Resnet50V2、ResNet101V2与ResNet152V2的搭建方式完全一样,区别在于堆叠residual block的数量不同。
1、Residual Block
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Block2(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, filters, kernel_size=3, stride=1, conv_shortcut=False):
super(Block2, self).__init__()
self.conv_shortcut = conv_shortcut
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(filters)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
if conv_shortcut:
self.shortcut = nn.Conv2d(4 * filters, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False)
else:
if stride > 1:
self.shortcut = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=1, stride=stride)
else:
self.shortcut = nn.Identity()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(filters, filters, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(filters)
self.relu2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.padding = nn.ZeroPad2d(1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(filters, filters, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=0, bias=False)
self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(filters)
self.relu3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(filters, 4 * filters, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
self.add = nn.Identity()
def forward(self, x):
preact = self.bn1(x)
preact = self.relu(preact)
if self.conv_shortcut:
shortcut = self.shortcut(preact)
else:
shortcut = self.shortcut(x)
out = self.conv1(preact)
out = self.bn2(out)
out = self.relu2(out)
out = self.padding(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn3(out)
out = self.relu3(out)
out = self.conv3(out)
out += shortcut
return out
2、堆叠Residual Block
import torch.nn as nn
class Stack2(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, block, filters, blocks, stride1=2):
super(Stack2, self).__init__()
self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
self.layers.append(block(filters, stride=stride1, conv_shortcut=True))
for i in range(2, blocks):
self.layers.append(block(filters))
self.layers.append(block(filters, stride=stride1))
def forward(self, x):
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x)
return x
3、ResNet50V2架构复线
代码如下:
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class ResNet50V2(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, include_top=True, preact=False, pooling='avg'):
super(ResNet50V2, self).__init__()
self.include_top = include_top
self.preact = preact
# conv1
self.conv1_pad = nn.ZeroPad2d((3, 3, 3, 3))
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
# conv2_x
self.pool1_pad = nn.ZeroPad2d((1, 1, 1, 1))
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
# Residual Blocks (stack layers)
self.layer1 = self._make_stack_layer(64, 64, 3, stride=1, name='conv2')
self.layer2 = self._make_stack_layer(64*4, 128, 4, stride=2, name='conv3')
self.layer3 = self._make_stack_layer(128*4, 256, 6, stride=2, name='conv4')
self.layer4 = self._make_stack_layer(256*4, 512, 3, stride=2, name='conv5')
# BatchNorm and relu for post-processing
self.post_bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(512 * 4)
self.post_relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
# Pooling and Fully Connected Layer
if include_top:
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Linear(512 * 4, num_classes)
else:
if pooling == 'avg':
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
elif pooling == 'max':
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d((1, 1))
def _make_stack_layer(self, in_planes, planes, blocks, stride=1, name=None):
layers = []
# First block with shortcut
layers.append(Bottleneck(in_planes, planes, stride, conv_shortcut=True))
# Remaining blocks
for _ in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(Bottleneck(planes * 4, planes))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
def forward(self, x):
# Initial layers (conv1)
x = self.conv1_pad(x)
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.bn1(x)
x = self.relu(x)
# MaxPool layer (conv2_x)
x = self.pool1_pad(x)
x = self.pool1(x)
# Residual blocks (stack layers)
x = self.layer1(x)
x = self.layer2(x)
x = self.layer3(x)
x = self.layer4(x)
# Optional post-bn and relu if preact is True
if self.preact:
x = self.post_bn(x)
x = self.post_relu(x)
# Pooling layer
x = self.avgpool(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
if self.include_top:
x = self.fc(x)
return x
# Bottleneck Block used in ResNet
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
expansion = 4
def __init__(self, in_planes, planes, stride=1, conv_shortcut=False):
super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
self.conv_shortcut = conv_shortcut
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, planes, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes * 4, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * 4)
if self.conv_shortcut:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_planes, planes * 4, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * 4)
)
else:
self.shortcut = nn.Identity()
def forward(self, x):
shortcut = self.shortcut(x)
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = F.relu(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn2(out)
out = F.relu(out)
out = self.conv3(out)
out = self.bn3(out)
out += shortcut
out = F.relu(out)
return out
# Instantiate the model
def ResNet50V2_instance(include_top=True, num_classes=1000, preact=False, pooling='avg'):
return ResNet50V2(num_classes=num_classes, include_top=include_top, preact=preact, pooling=pooling)
model = ResNet50V2_instance()
print(model)
4、训练函数和测试函数
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
# 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss
5、模型训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr= 1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
epochs = 10
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
# 获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss,
epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:51.1%, Train_loss:1.920, Test_acc:61.9%, Test_loss:0.954, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:69.5%, Train_loss:0.829, Test_acc:73.5%, Test_loss:1.099, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:75.9%, Train_loss:0.638, Test_acc:62.8%, Test_loss:1.229, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:81.2%, Train_loss:0.476, Test_acc:77.9%, Test_loss:0.494, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:89.2%, Train_loss:0.363, Test_acc:78.8%, Test_loss:0.605, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:87.4%, Train_loss:0.373, Test_acc:84.1%, Test_loss:0.495, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:90.0%, Train_loss:0.318, Test_acc:78.8%, Test_loss:0.885, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:92.7%, Train_loss:0.215, Test_acc:84.1%, Test_loss:0.475, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:91.4%, Train_loss:0.248, Test_acc:87.6%, Test_loss:0.643, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:89.6%, Train_loss:0.282, Test_acc:78.8%, Test_loss:0.553, Lr:1.00E-04
6、结果可视化
# coding=utf-8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
三、总结
学习了resent V2与resent网络之间的结构差异。