一、HTTP应用的两个实例(Java):
a、读取指定城市的天气预报信息
两个例子的关键是接收来自网页的数据,
定义URL对象:
URL url = new URL("https://api.XXX"+XXX);
新建getweather包,再新建Getweather类:
写入以下代码:
package getweather;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class Getweather {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String weather=URLEncoder.encode("重庆天气","UTF-8");
//1. 先准备一个URL类的对象 u
URL url = new URL("https://api.jisuapi.com/iqa/query?appkey=62958a3a6ef3c56d&question="+weather);
//2. 打开服务器连接,得到连接对象 conn
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
//3. 获取加载数据的字节输入流 is
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//4. 将is装饰为能一次读取一行的字符输入流 br
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"));
//5. 加载一行数据
String text = br.readLine();
//6. 显示
//截取相关内容
int i=text.indexOf("content");
int j=text.indexOf("relquestion");
String text1=text.substring(i+10, j-3);
int m=text1.indexOf("<5.4m\\/s\\r\\n");
String text2="";
text2=text1.substring(m+12, text1.length());
text1=text1.substring(0, m);
System.out.println(text1);
System.out.println(text2);
//7. 释放资源
br.close();
}
}
点击编译运行,结果展示如图所示:
b、给指定手机号码发送验证码
同样,找到相关的API开发平台或者运营公司:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SendMessage {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//关键使用步骤:
//1. 先准备一个URL类的对象 u
URL url = new URL("https://itdage.com/kkb/kkbsms?key=xzk&number=要发送信息的目的电话号码&code=8888");
//2. 打开服务器连接,得到连接对象 conn
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
//3. 获取加载数据的字节输入流 is
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
//4. 将is装饰为能一次读取一行的字符输入流 br
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"));
//5. 加载一行数据
String text = br.readLine();
//6. 显示
System.out.println(text);
//7. 释放资源
br.close();
}
}
运行结果如下所示:
二、MQTT的简单学习:
a、天气预报的消息主题
下载安装Apollo;
进入apollo的登录页面
第一次输入Username=admin,Password=password。但是,第二次登陆的时候,就无法再次登录。可以输入https://127.0.0.1:61681,进行再次登录。
搭建好服务器之后,下载客户端之后:
进行服务器连接:
效果如下所示:
b、编写MQTT客户端程序(C#)
免费MQTT参考如下:
新建项目:
客户端代码:
using MQTTnet;
using MQTTnet.Core;
using MQTTnet.Core.Client;
using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace MqttClientWin
{
public partial class FmMqttClient : Form
{
private MqttClient mqttClient = null;
public FmMqttClient()
{
InitializeComponent();
Task.Run(async () => { await ConnectMqttServerAsync(); });
}
/// <summary>
/// 连接服务器
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private async Task ConnectMqttServerAsync()
{
if (mqttClient == null)
{
mqttClient = new MqttClientFactory().CreateMqttClient() as MqttClient;
mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceived += MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived;
mqttClient.Connected += MqttClient_Connected;
mqttClient.Disconnected += MqttClient_Disconnected;
}
try
{
var options = new MqttClientTcpOptions
{
Server = "127.0.0.1",
//Server = "172.16.30.77",
ClientId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0, 5),
UserName = "u001",
Password = "p001",
CleanSession = true
};
await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(options);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Invoke((new Action(() =>
{
txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($"连接到MQTT服务器失败!" + Environment.NewLine + ex.Message + Environment.NewLine);
})));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务器连接成功
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void MqttClient_Connected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Invoke((new Action(() =>
{
txtReceiveMessage.AppendText("已连接到MQTT服务器!" + Environment.NewLine);
})));
}
/// <summary>
/// 断开服务器连接
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void MqttClient_Disconnected(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Invoke((new Action(() =>
{
txtReceiveMessage.AppendText("已断开MQTT连接!" + Environment.NewLine);
})));
}
/// <summary>
/// 接收到消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived(object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
{
Invoke((new Action(() =>
{
txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($">> {Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload)}{Environment.NewLine}");
})));
}
/// <summary>
/// 订阅消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void BtnSubscribe_ClickAsync(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string topic = txtSubTopic.Text.Trim();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
{
MessageBox.Show("订阅主题不能为空!");
return;
}
if (!mqttClient.IsConnected)
{
MessageBox.Show("MQTT客户端尚未连接!");
return;
}
mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(new List<TopicFilter> {
new TopicFilter(topic, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
});
txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($"已订阅[{topic}]主题" + Environment.NewLine);
txtSubTopic.Enabled = false;
btnSubscribe.Enabled = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 发布主题
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void BtnPublish_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string topic = txtPubTopic.Text.Trim();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
{
MessageBox.Show("发布主题不能为空!");
return;
}
string inputString = txtSendMessage.Text.Trim();
var appMsg = new MqttApplicationMessage(topic, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(inputString), MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce, false);
mqttClient.PublishAsync(appMsg);
}
private void FmMqttClient_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
//dic.Add("ClientId", "123");
//dic.Add("Topic", "ttt");
//dic.Add("Value", "ggyy");
//dic.Add("ServiceLevel", "1");
//TopicLogic.SaveTopic(dic);
}
}
}
服务端代码:
using MQTTnet;
using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
using MQTTnet.Core.Diagnostics;
using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
using MQTTnet.Core.Server;
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace MqttServerTest
{
class Program
{
private static MqttServer mqttServer = null;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MqttNetTrace.TraceMessagePublished += MqttNetTrace_TraceMessagePublished;
new Thread(StartMqttServer).Start();
while (true)
{
var inputString = Console.ReadLine().ToLower().Trim();
if (inputString == "exit")
{
mqttServer?.StopAsync();
Console.WriteLine("MQTT服务已停止!");
break;
}
else if (inputString == "clients")
{
foreach (var item in mqttServer.GetConnectedClients())
{
Console.WriteLine($"客户端标识:{item.ClientId},协议版本:{item.ProtocolVersion}");
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine($"命令[{inputString}]无效!");
}
}
}
private static void StartMqttServer()
{
if (mqttServer == null)
{
try
{
var options = new MqttServerOptions
{
ConnectionValidator = p =>
{
if (p.ClientId == "c001")
{
if (p.Username != "u001" || p.Password != "p001")
{
return MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionRefusedBadUsernameOrPassword;
}
}
return MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted;
}
};
mqttServer = new MqttServerFactory().CreateMqttServer(options) as MqttServer;
mqttServer.ApplicationMessageReceived += MqttServer_ApplicationMessageReceived;
mqttServer.ClientConnected += MqttServer_ClientConnected;
mqttServer.ClientDisconnected += MqttServer_ClientDisconnected;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return;
}
}
mqttServer.StartAsync();
Console.WriteLine("MQTT服务启动成功!");
}
private static void MqttServer_ClientConnected(object sender, MqttClientConnectedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.Client.ClientId}]已连接,协议版本:{e.Client.ProtocolVersion}");
}
private static void MqttServer_ClientDisconnected(object sender, MqttClientDisconnectedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.Client.ClientId}]已断开连接!");
}
private static void MqttServer_ApplicationMessageReceived(object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.ClientId}]>> 主题:{e.ApplicationMessage.Topic} 负荷:{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload)} Qos:{e.ApplicationMessage.QualityOfServiceLevel} 保留:{e.ApplicationMessage.Retain}");
}
private static void MqttNetTrace_TraceMessagePublished(object sender, MqttNetTraceMessagePublishedEventArgs e)
{
/*Console.WriteLine($">> 线程ID:{e.ThreadId} 来源:{e.Source} 跟踪级别:{e.Level} 消息: {e.Message}");
if (e.Exception != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Exception);
}*/
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
参考自:
https://www.cnblogs.com/Xieyingpeng/p/14136042.html.
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43279579/article/details/111873008.