下面是一个简单的MATLAB蚁群算法求解TSP问题的代码示例:
```matlab
% TSP问题求解的蚁群算法
% 假设城市数为10
% 城市坐标数据保存在一个10 x 2的矩阵中,第i行表示第i个城市的横纵坐标
city = [20 20; 30 40; 50 100; 60 20; 80 80; 90 60; 110 10; 120 100; 130 50; 140 70];
num_city = size(city, 1); % 城市数
num_ant = 20; % 蚂蚁数
alpha = 1; % 信息素重要程度因子
beta = 5; % 启发式因子
rho = 0.1; % 信息素挥发因子
Q = 1; % 常系数
iter_num = 200; % 迭代次数
% 计算城市间距离矩阵
dist = zeros(num_city, num_city);
for i = 1:num_city
for j = 1:num_city
if i ~= j
dist(i, j) = sqrt(sum((city(i,:) - city(j,:)).^2));
end
end
end
% 初始化信息素矩阵和启发式因子矩阵
pheromone = ones(num_city, num_city);
eta = ones(num_city, num_city)./dist;
% 开始迭代
best_route = []; % 最佳路径
best_length = Inf; % 最短路径长度
for iter = 1:iter_num
% 每只蚂蚁随机选择起点城市
ant_pos = randi(num_city, num_ant, 1);
route = zeros(num_ant, num_city); % 记录每只蚂蚁的路径
length_route = zeros(num_ant, 1); % 记录每只蚂蚁的路径长度
for k = 1:num_ant
% 开始走路
for i = 2:num_city
% 计算当前城市到其他城市的转移概率
prob = pheromone(ant_pos(k),:).^alpha .* eta(ant_pos(k),:).^beta;
prob(ant_pos(k)) = 0; % 当前城市不可再次访问
prob = prob ./ sum(prob); % 归一化概率
% 轮盘选择下一个城市
cum_prob = cumsum(prob);
next_city = find(cum_prob >= rand, 1);
% 记录路径和路径长度
route(k, i) = next_city;
length_route(k) = length_route(k) + dist(ant_pos(k), next_city);
ant_pos(k) = next_city;
end
% 回到起点城市,形成环路
length_route(k) = length_route(k) + dist(ant_pos(k), route(k,1));
end
% 更新信息素
delta_pheromone = zeros(num_city, num_city);
for k = 1:num_ant
for i = 1:num_city-1
delta_pheromone(route(k,i), route(k,i+1)) = delta_pheromone(route(k,i), route(k,i+1)) + Q/length_route(k);
delta_pheromone(route(k,i+1), route(k,i)) = delta_pheromone(route(k,i+1), route(k,i)) + Q/length_route(k);
end
delta_pheromone(route(k,num_city), route(k,1)) = delta_pheromone(route(k,num_city), route(k,1)) + Q/length_route(k);
delta_pheromone(route(k,1), route(k,num_city)) = delta_pheromone(route(k,1), route(k,num_city)) + Q/length_route(k);
end
pheromone = (1-rho).*pheromone + delta_pheromone;
% 更新最佳路径
[min_length, min_idx] = min(length_route);
if min_length < best_length
best_length = min_length;
best_route = [route(min_idx, :), route(min_idx, 1)];
end
% 输出当前迭代结果
fprintf('Iteration: %d, Best Length: %f\n', iter, best_length);
end
% 画出最佳路径
figure;
plot(city(:,1), city(:,2), 'ro');
hold on;
plot(city(best_route,1), city(best_route,2), 'b-');
```
这个代码中,我们使用了一个10 x 2的矩阵存储了10个城市的坐标信息。在计算城市间距离矩阵之后,我们使用了一个蚂蚁数为20的蚁群算法来求解TSP问题。在每次迭代中,每只蚂蚁都随机选择一个起点城市,然后按照概率转移规则走完所有城市,并回到起点城市形成环路。在每次迭代结束后,我们根据蚂蚁的路径更新信息素矩阵,并记录最短路径和最佳路径。最后,我们使用MATLAB的绘图功能画出了最佳路径。