目录
一、主语(Subject)
定义:动作的发出者
可以用名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、句子等作主语
例子:
To hesitate means failure.(不定式)
Your room is large and beautiful.(名词短语)
The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated (名词短语)
Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally
(动名词) (代词)
二、谓语动词
三态一否:时态、情态、语态、否定
时态:一般现在时、现在完成时....
情态:情态动词
语态:主动、被动
否定:not
谓语动词与非谓语的区别:
谓语动词:三态一否
非谓语:to do、doing、done
例子:
She came to help us last week
came to do 作为谓语动词,构成动词短语
The white kitten looks very cute
一般现在时+主动
Two experts spoke at the meeting yesterday
一般过去时+主动
Elegance did not derive from abundance
一般过去时+主动+否定
People have failed to detect the massive changes.
现在完成时+主动
三、宾语(Object )
定义:动作的接收者
可以用名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、句子等作宾语
例子:
John likes oranges
注:like (prep.) 翻译为像时为介词,介词是不加s的
因此,like应该翻译为喜欢
John gave Mary books.
1、直接宾语和间接宾语
主谓宾宾结构:v+sb+sth
sb->间接宾语
sth->直接宾语
例子:
She passed him the salt
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
注:She与the salt 直接接触,为直接宾语,him 是间接接触,为间接宾语
因此人是间的,东西是直的
Forests give us shade.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
2、介宾
定义:介词 + 宾语 = 介宾短语
Our problem is that it may discourage students from doing their homework.(介宾短语)
四、表语(Predicative)
定义:说明主语的性质和状态,一般位于系动词之后
可以用名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、介短、不定式、分词(doing/done)、句子等作表语
注:doing 只能用于主语和宾语,不能作表语;
done只能作表语,不能作主语、宾语;
例:
This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition
(主+系+表)
Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education
(表语从句)
宾语和表语的区别:
实义动词+宾语
系动词+表语