使用 at 的stl容器

std::map::at

接受map的key，返回对应的value的引用;

若 at 实参不匹配map的任意 key，则抛出 std::out_of_range 异常

void mapTest()
{
	std::map<int, std::string> mps;
	mps[1] = "hello";
	mps[2] = "world";
	mps[3] = "there";
	try {
		std::cout << mps.at(3) << std::endl;
		std::cout << mps.at(10) << std::endl;
	}
	catch (std::out_of_range) {
		std::cout << "access of out of range" << std::endl;
	}
}

std::vector::at

自动做边界检查，返回位置n处元素的引用，若位置超出合法界限则抛出 std::out_of_range 异常

void vectorTest()
{
	std::vector<int> vecs = { 1,2,3 };
	try {
		std::cout << vecs.at(0) << std::endl;
		std::cout << vecs.at(3) << std::endl;
	}
	catch (std::out_of_range) {
		std::cout << "access of out of range" << std::endl;
	}
}

std::deque::at

void dequeTest()
{
	std::deque<int> q = { 1,2,3 };
	try {
		std::cout << q.back() << std::endl;
		std::cout << q.at(0) << std::endl;
		std::cout << q.at(3) << std::endl;
	}
	catch (std::out_of_range) {
		std::cout << "access of out of range" << std::endl;
	}
}
/* 输出
3
1
access of out of range

std::array::at

void arrayTest()
{
	std::array<int, 3> arr = {1,2,3};
	try {
		std::cout << arr.back() << std::endl;
		std::cout << arr.at(0) << std::endl;
		std::cout << arr.at(3) << std::endl;
	}
	catch (std::out_of_range) {
		std::cout << "access of out of range" << std::endl;
	}
}