前言
本文将介绍如何使用Behave框架进行行为驱动开发(BDD)测试。Behave是一个用于Python的行为驱动开发(BDD)测试框架,它采用了一种自然语言的测试结构,旨在帮助团队更好地理解和沟通关于应用程序行为的需求。
准备工作
要开始使用Behave框架,需要确保已经安装了Python和pip包管理器。然后,可以使用以下命令安装Behave框架:
pip install behave
项目结构
如下所示:
project-root/
│
├── features/
│ ├── calculator.feature
│ └── … (其他测试特性文件)
│
├── steps/
│ ├── calculator_steps.py
│ └── … (其他测试步骤文件)
│
├── other_modules/
│ ├── calculator.py
│ └── … (其他应用程序模块)
│
└── … (其他项目文件和文件夹)
features/:存放用自然语言编写的测试特性文件,通常以.feature扩展名结尾。在这些文件中,您可以编写用于描述应用程序行为的测试场景和步骤。
steps/:包含与测试特性文件对应的测试步骤文件。这些文件中的Python代码用于定义Behave框架中的测试步骤,以及测试步骤之间的关联。
other_modules/:包含应用程序的其他模块文件,如calculator.py等。这些文件包含了被测试的应用程序的具体实现。
创建Behave测试
首先,创建一个简单的Python应用程序来演示如何使用Behave框架进行测试。
calculator.py文件,内容如下:
class Calculator:
def add(self, x, y):
return x + y
def subtract(self, x, y):
return x - y
接下来,使用Behave框架来编写测试。首先,创建一个名为features的文件夹,然后在其中创建一个名为calculator.feature的文件,内容如下:
calculator.feature
Feature: Calculator
As a user
I want to use a calculator
So that I can perform basic arithmetic operations
Scenario: Add two numbers
Given the first number is 5
And the second number is 3
When I add the numbers together
Then the result should be 8
Scenario: Subtract two numbers
Given the first number is 5
And the second number is 3
When I subtract the second number from the first number
Then the result should be 2
然后,在features文件夹中创建一个名为steps的文件夹,并在其中创建一个名为calculator_steps.py的文件,内容如下:
calculator_steps.py
from behave import given, when, then
from calculator import Calculator
@given('the first number is {number:d}')
def step_impl(context, number):
context.calculator = Calculator()
context.number1 = number
@given('the second number is {number:d}')
def step_impl(context, number):
context.number2 = number
@when('I add the numbers together')
def step_impl(context):
context.result = context.calculator.add(context.number1, context.number2)
@when('I subtract the second number from the first number')
def step_impl(context):
context.result = context.calculator.subtract(context.number1, context.number2)
@then('the result should be {result:d}')
def step_impl(context, result):
assert context.result == result
运行测试
现在,我们已经准备好运行我们的测试了。在命令行中,通过以下命令运行Behave测试:
behave
如果一切顺利,应该会看到类似以下输出:
Feature: Calculator # features/calculator.feature:1
As a user
I want to use a calculator
So that I can perform basic arithmetic operations
Scenario: Add two numbers # features/calculator.feature:6
Given the first number is 5 # steps/calculator_steps.py:5 0.000s
And the second number is 3 # steps/calculator_steps.py:10 0.000s
When I add the numbers together # steps/calculator_steps.py:15 0.000s
Then the result should be 8 # steps/calculator_steps.py:20 0.000s
Scenario: Subtract two numbers # features/calculator.feature:11
Given the first number is 5 # steps/calculator_steps.py:5 0.000s
And the second number is 3 # steps/calculator_steps.py:10 0.000s
When I subtract the second number from the first number # steps/calculator_steps.py:25 0.000s
Then the result should be 2 # steps/calculator_steps.py:20 0.000s
2 features passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
4 scenarios passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
8 steps passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped, 0 undefined
Took 0m0.000s
结论
通过本教程,您已经学会了如何使用Behave框架进行行为驱动开发(BDD)测试。您可以进一步探索Behave框架的各种功能和选项,以满足您应用程序测试的需求。希望本教程能够帮助您更好地了解和使用Behave框架进行测试。