JDBC——java连接mysql、hive、hbase教程

一、准备工作

1.1、创建Maven工程

工程ID

Maven工作目录

保存路径

进入工程，选择Enable Auto-Import，允许自动导包

1.2、修改pom文件

1.修改properties里的编译版本，此处用的是jdk1.8，所以改为1.8

1.3、修改Project Structure

Language level改成版本8

1.4、修改Settings

编译版本改成8

1.5、资源文件夹

1.创建文件夹
src->main下创建resources文件夹

2.设置为资源文件夹
右击resources文件夹，Mark Directory as->Resources Root

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二、Java连接mysql

2.1、添加依赖

在<dependencies></dependencies>中添加依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>

pom.xml文件内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>cn.template.jdbc</groupId>
  <artifactId>java2mhh</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>java2mhh</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

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2.2、JDBC配置文件

resources文件夹下新建文件datasource.properties

文件内容如下

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.247.130:3306/mysqltest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true
username=root
password=javakb10

---

2.3、代码编写

（1）BaseConfig类，初始化连接

package cn.template.jdbc;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class BaseConfig {
   
    //定义内部类Config，使用其对象作为BaseConfig的成员变量，加载驱动等信息
    private class Config {
   
        String driver;
        String url;
        String username;
        String password;
    }

    private Config config;

    //正则匹配，检查url格式是否有效
    private boolean valid(String url) {
   
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("jdbc:\\w+://((\\d{1,3}\\.){3}\\d{1,3}|\\w+):\\d{1,5}/\\w+");
        Matcher m = p.matcher(url);
        return m.matches();
    }

    //用代码块调用init方法,加载数据库配置信息并加载驱动driver
    {
   
        //静态代码块  异常无法抛出
        try {
   
            init();
            //驱动装载
            Class.forName(config.driver);
        } catch (Exception e) {
   
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    //init方法将配置信息加载到BaseConfig的成员变量config上
    private void init() throws Exception {
   
        //用线程读取读取资源文件datasource.properties的路径
        String path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
                .getResource("datasource.properties").getPath();
        //使用Properties包装类解析properties文件
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        pro.load(new FileReader(path));
        String url = pro.getProperty