Python.控制流.随手记

控制流分为顺序，分支，循环；常用函数 if、while、for。

注意：位置格式（缩进规则）、冒号。

1.if函数

In [1]: a=10

In [2]: if a>10:
   ...:     print('>10')
   ...: #elif是为了排除上边if的数据
   ...: elif a==10:
   ...:     print('=10')
   ...: else:
   ...:     print('<10') 
=10

In [1]: a=12

In [2]: if a>10:
   ...:     print('>10')
   ...:     if a%2==0:
   ...:         print('ou')
   ...:     else:
   ...:         print('ji')
   ...: else:
   ...:     print('<10')
>10
ou

2. while函数

In [2]: a=1
   ...: while a < 8:
   ...:     a=a+1
   ...:     print('the number is:',a)
   ...:     if a==4:
   ...: #break跳出整个循环
   ...:         break
the number is: 2
the number is: 3
the number is: 4

In [3]: a=1
   ...: while a < 8:
   ...:     a=a+1
   ...:     if a==4:
   ...: #continue跳出本次循环
   ...:         continue
   ...:     print('the number is :',a)
the number is : 2
the number is : 3
the number is : 5
the number is : 6
the number is : 7
the number is : 8

3. for i in range()函数

for i in range () 就是给 i 赋值；range(start, stop，step）

In [2]: #5=<i<20, range()里面参数个数1，2，3；若只有一个参数，默认开始是0，步长为1.
   ...: for i in range(5,20,3):
   ...:     print(i)
5
8
11
14
17

累加 

In [1]: a=1
   ...: for i in range(5):
   ...:     a=a+i
   ...:     print(a)
1
2
4
7
11

 for i in range()函数应用于列表

In [1]: a=['a', 'b', 'c']
   ...: for i in a:
   ...:     print(i)
a
b
c

In [1]: a=['a', 'b', 'c']
   ...: b='字母:'
   ...: for i in a:
   ...:     print(b,i)
字母: a
字母: b
字母: c

for i in range()函数应用于字典

In [1]: d={'a':9,'b':2,'c':'hh'}

In [2]: for k in d.keys():
    ...:     print(k)
a
b
c

In [3]: for k in d.values():
    ...:     print(k)
9
2
hh

In [4]: for k,v in d.items():
    ...:     print(k,v) 
a 9
b 2
c hh

In [5]: for v in d.items():
    ...:     print(v)
('a', 9)
('b', 2)
('c', 'hh')

4. 简单应用

a)得到1-100的列表

#方法一
In [1]: list_1=[]
   ...: for i in range(1,101):
   ...:     list_1.append(i)
#方法二
In [2]: list_2=[i for i in range(1,101)]

 b)得到1-100的偶数列表

#方法一
In [1]: list_1=[]
   ...: for i in range(1,101):
   ...:     if i%2==0:
   ...:         list_1.append(i)
#方法二
In [2]: list_2=[i for i in range(1,101)if i%2==0]

#列出1-100中偶数的平方，i**2表示i^2
In [3]: list_3=[i**2 for i in range(1,101)if i%2==0]

#列出1-100中既是2的倍数，又是3的倍数
In [4]: [str(i) + "：既是2的倍数，又是3的倍数" for i in range(1,101)if (i%2==0) & (i%3==0)]