IO流
创建文件
package io.lesson;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.resolver.helpers.PublicId;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
//创建文件的三种方法
public class FileCreate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileCreate fc1 = new FileCreate();
FileCreate fc2 = new FileCreate();
FileCreate fc3 = new FileCreate();
fc1.create01();
fc2.create02();
fc1.create03();
}
//方式一:new File(String Pathname)
public void create01(){
String filePath = "d:\\news1.txt";
File file = new File(filePath);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("第一个文件创建成功!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//方式二:new File(File parent,String child)//根据父目录文件+子路径构建
public void create02(){
File parentFile = new File("d:\\");
String fileName = "news2.txt";
File file = new File(parentFile, fileName);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("第二个文件创建成功!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//方式三:new File(String parent,String child)//根据父目录文件+子路径构建
public void create03(){
String parentfile = "d:\\";
String fileName = "news3.txt";
File file = new File(parentfile, fileName);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("第三个文件创建成功!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
获取文件信息
- 获取文件相关的信息,如:
getName、getAbsolutePath、getParent、length、isFile、isDictionary······
package io.lesson;
import java.io.File;
public class Flieinformation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Flieinformation ff = new Flieinformation();
ff.info();
}
public void info(){
File file = new File("d:\\end");
System.out.println("文件名字="+file.getName());
System.out.println("文件大小="+file.length());
System.out.println("绝对路径="+file.getAbsolutePath());
System.out.println("文件父级目录="+file.getParent());
System.out.println("文件是否存在="+file.exists());
System.out.println("是不是一个文件="+file.isFile());
System.out.println("是不是一个目录="+file.isDirectory());
}
}
-
常用的文件操作
目录的操作和文件删除
mkdir创建一级目录,mkdirs创建多级目录,delete删除空目录或文件
mkdir和mkdirs都是布尔值
package io.lesson;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.File;
public class Directory_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Directory_ d1 = new Directory_();
Directory_ d2 = new Directory_();
Directory_ d3 = new Directory_();
d1.m1();
d2.m2();
d1.m3();
}
//判断D:\\news1.txt文件是否存在,存在就删除
public void m1(){
String filePath = "d:\\news1.txt";
File file = new File(filePath);
if(file.exists()){
if (file.delete()){
System.out.println(filePath+"删除成功");
}
else{
System.out.println(filePath+"删除失败");
}
}
else {
System.out.println("该文件不存在!");
}
}
//判断D:\\demo02目录是否存在,存在就删除,否则提示不存在
//这里要体会到,在java编程中,目录也被当做文件
public void m2(){
String directoryPath = "d:\\demo02";
File file = new File(directoryPath);
if(file.exists()){
if (file.delete()){
System.out.println(directoryPath+"删除成功");
}
else{
System.out.println(directoryPath+"删除失败");
}
}
else {
System.out.println("该目录不存在!");
}
}
//判断D:\\demo\\a\\b\\c是否存在,存在则提示存在,不存在则创建
public void m3(){
String directoryPath = "D:\\demo\\a\\b\\c";
File file = new File(directoryPath);
if(file.exists()){
System.out.println("该目录已存在!");
}
else {
if(file.mkdirs()){
System.out.println("该目录创建成功!");
}
else {
System.out.println("该目录创建失败!");
}
}
}
}
IO流原理以及分类
-
IO是input和output的缩写,在java程序中,对数据的操作是以**流(stream)**的方式进行
-
java.io包下提供了各种“流”类和接口,用来获取不同种类的数据,并通过方法输入输出数据
-
输入input:读取外部数据(磁盘、光盘等存储设备的数据)到程序(内存)中
输出output:将程序中的数据输出到磁盘、光盘等存储设备中
-
流的分类
- 按操作数据单位分为:字节流和字符流
- 按数据流向分:输入流,输出流
- 按流的角色不同可分为:节点流和处理流
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-
(抽象基类) 字节流 字符流 输入流 InputStream Reader 输出流 OutputStream Writer 以上四个都是抽象类,Java的IO流共涉及40多个类,都很规则,都是他们四个抽象类的子类,子类名称都已父类名作后缀
InputStream和OutputStream常用子类
- FileInputStream:字节输入流
package io.inputstream_;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
public class FileInputStream_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream_ fis1 = new FileInputStream_();
fis1.readFile01();
FileInputStream_ fis2 = new FileInputStream_();
fis2.readFile02();
}
public void readFile01(){
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
int readData = 0;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
//创建fileInputStream对象,用于读取文件
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1){
System.out.print((char)readData);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileInputStream.close();
System.out.println();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//使用read(byte[] b)读取文件,提高效率
public void readFile02(){
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
//字节数组
byte[] buf = new byte[8];
int readLen = 0;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
//创建fileInputStream对象,用于读取文件
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
System.out.print(new String(buf,0, readLen));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileInputStream.close();
System.out.println();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- FileOutputStream:字节输出流
package io.outputstream_;
import sun.security.util.Length;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FileOutputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileOutputStream01 fos = new FileOutputStream01();
fos.writeFile();
}
public void writeFile(){
String filePath = "d:\\a.txt";
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
//创建FileOutputStream对象
//说明,创建方式是new FileOutputStream(filePath)时,输入的内容会覆盖原来内容
//如果是new FileOutputStream(filePath,true),则不会覆盖
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
String str = "Hello,World!";
//1.写入一个字符
//fileOutputStream.write('H');
//2.写入字符串
//fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes());
//写入字符串的另一种方法
//write(str.getBytes(), int off,int len);从第off个开始输出,输出len个
fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes(), 0, 12);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 文件拷贝:FileCopy
package io.outputstream_;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FileCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String srcFilePath = "d:\\zhengjianzhao.jpg";
String destFilePath = "d:\\zhengjianzhao2.jpg";
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
//创建文件的输入流,将文件读到程序
//创建文件的输出流,将读到的数据文件写到指定的文件中
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(srcFilePath);
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(destFilePath);
//定义一个字节数组,提高读取效率
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int readDate = 0;
while ((readDate = fileInputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){
fileOutputStream.write(bytes);
}
System.out.println("拷贝成功!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileInputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- FileReader:读取文件
package io.reader_;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FileReader_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileReader_ fr = new FileReader_();
fr.readFile01();
FileReader_ fr2 = new FileReader_();
fr.readFile02();
}
//单字符读取文件
public void readFile01(){
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
int data = 0;
FileReader fileReader = null;
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
while ((data = fileReader.read()) != -1){
System.out.print((char)data);
}
System.out.println("\n");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//字符串形式读取文件
public void readFile02(){
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
int readLen = 0;
char[] buf = new char[8];
FileReader fileReader = null;
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
while ((readLen = fileReader.read(buf)) != -1){
System.out.print(new String(buf,0,readLen));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
-
FileWriter:写入文件
FileWriter使用后必须关闭或刷新,否则写入不到指定文件
package io.writer_;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FileWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filePath = "d:\\news3.txt";
FileWriter fileWriter = null;
char[] chars = {'a','b','c'};
try {
fileWriter = new FileWriter(filePath);
//写入的五种方法
//write(char[]):写入单个字符
fileWriter.write('H');
//write(char[]):写入指定数组
fileWriter.write(chars);
//write(char[],off,len):写入指定数组的指定部分
fileWriter.write("曾成进牛逼".toCharArray(),0,3);
//write(string):写入整个字符串
fileWriter.write("黄格燕我爱你");
//write(string,off,len):写入字符串的指定部分
fileWriter.write("黄格燕你傻逼",2,4);
//在数据量大的情况下,可以使用循环操作
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
fileWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 节点流和处理流
- 节点流可以从一个特定的数据源读写数据,如FileReader、FileWriter
- 处理流(包装流)是“连接”在已存在的流(节点流或处理流)之上,为程序提供更为强大的读写功能,如BufferedReader、BufferedWriter
- 节点流和处理流的区别和联系
- 节点流是底层流/低级流,直接跟数据源相接
- 处理流(包装节点流),既可以消除不同节点的实现差异,也可以提供更方便的方法来完成输入输出。
- 处理流对节点流进行包装,使用了修饰器设计模式,不会直接与数据源相连
- 处理流的功能主要体现在以下两方面
- 性能的提高:主要以增加缓冲的方式来提高输入输出的效率
- 操作的便捷:处理流可能提供了一系列便捷的方法来一次输入输出大批量的数据,使用更加灵活方便
- BufferedReader
package io.reader_;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
public class BufferedReader_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String filePath = "d:\\news3.txt";
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));
String line;//按行读取,效率高
//bufferedReader.readLine()是按行读取文件
//当返回值为null时,表示文件已经读完
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){
System.out.println(line);
}
//只需要关闭bufferedReader,因为底层会自动去关闭节点流
bufferedReader.close();
}
}
-
- BufferedWriter
package io.writer_;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class BufferedWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(filePath));
bufferedWriter.write("你好,韩顺平");
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.write("你好,韩顺平");
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.write("你好,韩顺平");
//关闭流
bufferedWriter.close();
}
}
-
- BufferedCopy
package io.reader_;
import java.io.*;
public class BufferedCopy_ {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String srcPath = "d:\\news2.txt";
String dataPath = "d:\\news4.txt";
String line;
//BufferedReader和BufferedWriter是安装字符操作
//别去操作二进制文件如:视频,音频,doc,pdf等等,可能会造成文件损坏
BufferedReader br = null;
BufferedWriter bw = null;
try {
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(srcPath));
bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(dataPath,true));
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null){
bw.write(line);
bw.newLine();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(br != null) {
br.close();
}
if(bw != null) {
bw.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream:
package io.outputstream_;
import java.io.*;
public class BufferedCopy02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String srcPath = "d:\\zhengjianzhao.jpg";
String detePath = "d:\\zhengjianzhao3.jpg";
//BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream可以操作二进制文本文件
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
try {
bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcPath));
bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(detePath));
while ((len = bis.read(buf)) != -1){
bos.write(buf,0,len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
bis.close();
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 对象流:ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutputStream
- 序列化就是在保存数据时,保存数据的值和数据类型
- 反序列化就是在恢复数据时,恢复数据类型和数据的值
- 为了让某个对象支持序列化机制,则必须让其类是可序列化的,则该类必须实现如下两个接口之一:
- Serializable:这是一个标记接口,没有方法(推荐使用)
- Externalizable:该接口有方法需要实际
一:
package io.outputstream_;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class ObjectOutputStream_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//序列化后,保存的文件格式,不是存文本,这里的.txt没影响,而是按照他自己的格式来保存
String filePath = "d:\\news5.txt";
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath));
oos.writeInt(100);
oos.writeBoolean(true);
oos.writeChar('z');
oos.writeUTF("黄格燕");
oos.writeObject(new Dog("旺财",10));
oos.close();
System.out.println("数据序列化保存完毕");
}
}
二:
package io.outputstream_;
import java.io.Serializable;
//如果要序列化某个类的对象,需要实现Serializable
public class Dog implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Dog(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
三:
package io.inputstream_;
import io.outputstream_.Dog;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
public class ObjectInputStream_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
String filePath = "d:\\news5.txt";
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));
//读取(反序列化)的顺序要和保存数据(序列化)的顺序一致,否则会出现异常
System.out.println(ois.readInt());
System.out.println(ois.readBoolean());
System.out.println(ois.readChar());
System.out.println(ois.readUTF());
//dog的编译类型是Object,运行类型是Dog
Object dog = ois.readObject();
System.out.println("运行类型=" + dog.getClass());
System.out.println("dog信息=" + dog);
//如果我们希望调用Dog方法,需要向下转型
//如果我们将Dog类定义,拷贝到可以引用的位置
Dog dog2 = (Dog)dog;
System.out.println(dog2.getName());
ois.close();
}
}
- 对象处理流使用细节
- 读写顺序要一致
- 要求序列化对象和反序列化对象,需要实现Serializable
- 序列化的类中建议添加Serializable,为了提高版本兼容性
- 序列化对象时,默认将里面所有属性都序列化,但除了static和transient修饰的成员
- 序列化对象时,要求里面属性的类型也需要实现序列化接口
- 序列化具备可继承性,也就是如果某类实现了序列化,则它的所有子类也默认实现了序列化
- 标准输入输出流
- System.in 标准输入流 类型:InputStream 默认设备:键盘
- System.out 标准输出流 类型:OutputStream 默认设备:显示屏
- 转换流:InputStreamReader和OutputStreamWriter
- 它们可以把字节流转换为字符流
- 默认情况下,读取文件是按照"utf-8"的形式
package io.transformation;
import sun.nio.cs.ext.GBK;
import java.io.*;
public class InputStreamReader_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String filePath = "d:\\news2.txt";
//把FileInputStream转换成InputStreamReader
//指定编码gbk,因为在文件news2中,我设成了gbk模式
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath),"gbk");
//把InputStreamReader传入BufferedReader
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String s = br.readLine();
System.out.println(s);
br.close();
}
}
package io.transformation;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class OutputStreamWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String filePath = "d:\\news6.txt";
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath),"utf-8");
osw.write("hello呀,大家");
osw.close();
}
}
- 打印流PrintStream和PrintWriter(只有输出流,没有输入流)
package io.transformation;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class OutputStreamWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String filePath = "d:\\news6.txt";
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath),"utf-8");
osw.write("hello呀,大家");
osw.close();
}
}
package io.printstream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class PrintWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\news8.txt"));
pw.println("你好,黄格燕");
pw.close();
}
}
-
Properties类(专门用于读写配置文件的集合类)
-
配置文件的格式
-
键=值
键=值
-
键值对不需要有空格,值不需要用引号括起来。默认类型是String
-
-
Properties的常见方法
- load:加载配置文件的键值对到Preperties对象
- list:将数据显示到指定设备
- getproperty(key):根据获取键值
- setProperty(key,value):设置键值对到Properties对象
- store:将Properties中的键值对存储到配置文件,在idea中,保存信息到配置文件,如果含有中文,会存储为unicode码
- http://tool.chinaz.com/tools/unicode.aspx unicode码查询工具
-
package io.properties;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Properties02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//使用Properties类来读取mysql.properties文件
//创建Properties对象
Properties properties = new Properties();
//加载指定配置文件
properties.load(new FileReader("C:\\Users\\ZCJ\\IdeaProjects\\JavaSESE\\Test\\src\\mysql.properties"));
//吧k-v显示在控制台
properties.list(System.out);
//根据key值获取对应的值
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String psw = properties.getProperty("psw");
System.out.println("用户名是:" + user);
System.out.println("密码是:" + psw);
}
}
package io.properties;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Properties03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//使用properties类 来创建配置文件,修改配置文件内容
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("charset","utf-8");
properties.setProperty("user","汤姆");
properties.setProperty("psw","28545");
//将k-v 存储文件中即可
properties.store(new FileWriter("C:\\Users\\ZCJ\\IdeaProjects\\JavaSESE\\Test\\src\\mysql2.properties"),null);
System.out.println("保存配置文件成功!");
}
}