Java网络编程

网络编程

IP

ip地址：InetAddress

• 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
• 127.0.0.1 本机：localhost

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程；

• 不同的进程有不同的端口号！可以用来区分软件
• 端口分类
  • 公有端口0-1023
    • HTTP：80
    • HTTPS：443
    • FTP：21
    • Telent：23
  • 程序注册端口：1024-49151，分配用户或者程序
    • Tomcat：8080
    • MySQL：3306
    • Oracle：1521
  • 动态、私有：49152-65535
  • 任务管理器快捷键：Ctrl + shift +Esc

通信协议

协议：一种约定

TCP/IP协议簇：实际上是一组协议

重要：

• TCP：用户传输协议
• UDP：用户数据报协议

出名的协议：

• TCP：用户传输协议
• IP：网络互联协议

UDP和TCP对比

TCP：打电话

• 连接，稳定
• 三次握手 四次挥手
• 客户端，服务端
• 传输完成，释放连接，效率低

UDP：发短信

• 不连接，不稳定

• 客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限

• 不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你…

• DDoS：洪水攻击！（饱和攻击）

TCP

客户端

1. 连接服务器 Socket
2. 发送消息

//客户端
package inet.lesson.lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //要知道服务器的地址、端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //发送消息，IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("黄格燕，我钟意你！".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {

            if(os!=null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


//服务端
package inet.lesson.lesson02;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //我得有一个地址，本机是127.0.0.1
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //等待客户端连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(baos!=null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器

1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
2. 等待用户连接 accept
3. 接收用的消息

Tomcat

• 服务端
  • Tomcat服务器 S ：Java后台开发
• 客户端
  • 浏览器 B

UDP

• 发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址

//发送消息
package inet.lesson.lesson03;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;

//Udp发送消息不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //建立一个Socket连接
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建个包
        String message = "你好呀，黄格燕";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("");
        int port = 9090;
        //数据，数据的长度起始，要发给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message.getBytes(), 0, message.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        socket.close();
    }
}



//接收消息
package inet.lesson.lesson03;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息以及循环接收消息

package inet.lesson.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //发消息方式：控制台读取  System.in
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true){
            String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
            byte[] bytes = msg.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9999));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (msg.equals("再见")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package inet.lesson.chat;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
        while (true){
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
            socket.receive(packet);

            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if (receiveData.equals("再见")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

利用线程实习聊天（以下四个组合在一起）

package inet.lesson.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        //发消息方式：控制台读取  System.in
        while (true){


            try {
                String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                byte[] bytes = msg.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (msg.equals("再见")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package inet.lesson.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){

            try {

                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
                socket.receive(packet);

                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom + "：" + receiveData);
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package inet.lesson.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"曾成进")).start();

    }
}

package inet.lesson.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"黄格燕")).start();
    }
}

URL

https://cn.bing.com/

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某个资源

DNS：域名解析 域名cn.bing.com本质是ip 把域名映射成ip的过程叫DNS

协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源