Qt网络编程(一)主机信息的查询

查询一个主机的MAC地址或者IP地址是网络应用中经常用到的功能，Qt提供了QHostInfo和QNetworkInterface类用于此类信息的查询
我们还是以一个简单的小程序来说明这个问题：
程序的运行界面：

程序的项目框架：

因为这个是网络编程所以一定要在.pro中添加network
dialog.h:

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H

#include <QDialog>
#include <QHostInfo>
#include <QAbstractSocket>
#include <QNetworkInterface>
namespace Ui {
class Dialog;
}

class Dialog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~Dialog();
     QString protocolName(QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol);

private slots:
    void on_btn_get_hostname_ip_clicked();

    void on_btn_alladdress_clicked();

    void on_btn_allInterfaces_clicked();

    void on_btn_find_ip_clicked();

    void on_btn_clear_clicked();

    void lookedUpHostInfo(const QHostInfo &host);



private:
    Ui::Dialog *ui;
};

#endif // DIALOG_H

dialog.cpp:

#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) :
    QDialog(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    connect(ui->btn_get_hostname_ip,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_btn_get_hostname_ip_clicked()));
    connect(ui->btn_find_ip,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_btn_find_ip_clicked()));
    connect(ui->btn_alladdress,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_btn_alladdress_clicked()));
    connect(ui->btn_allInterfaces,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_btn_allInterfaces_clicked()));
    connect(ui->btn_clear,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_btn_clear_clicked()));
}

Dialog::~Dialog()
{
    delete ui;
}

void Dialog::on_btn_get_hostname_ip_clicked()
{
    QString hostName=QHostInfo::localHostName();
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("本机主机名："+hostName+"\n");
    QHostInfo hostInfo=QHostInfo::fromName(hostName);
    QList<QHostAddress> addList=hostInfo.addresses();
    if(!addList.isEmpty()){
        for(int i=0;i<addList.count();i++){
            QHostAddress aHost=addList.at(i);
            bool show=ui->checkBox->isChecked();
            if(show){
                show=(QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol==aHost.protocol());
            }else{
                show=true;
            }
            if(show){

                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("协议: "+protocolName(aHost.protocol()));
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("本地IP地址: "+aHost.toString());
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("");
            }
        }
    }

}
//获取IP地址
void Dialog::on_btn_alladdress_clicked()
{
    QList<QHostAddress> list=QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
    if(!list.isEmpty()){
//        for(QList<QHostAddress>::iterator it=list.begin();it!=list.end();it++){
        for(int i=0;i<list.count();i++){
           // QHostAddress aHost=*it;
            QHostAddress aHost=list.at(i);
            bool show=ui->checkBox->isChecked();
            if(show){
                show=QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol==aHost.protocol();
            }else{
                show=true;
            }
            if(show){
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("按下allAddress按钮");
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("协议："+protocolName(aHost.protocol()));
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("IP地址:"+aHost.toString());
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("");
            }

        }
    }

}
//获取网络接口的列表
void Dialog::on_btn_allInterfaces_clicked()
{
    QList<QNetworkInterface> list=QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();
    for(int i=0;i<list.count();i++){
        QNetworkInterface aInterface=list.at(i);
        if(!aInterface.isValid()){
            continue;
        }
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("按下allInterface按钮：");
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("设备名称:"+aInterface.humanReadableName());
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("硬件地址"+aInterface.hardwareAddress());
        QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> entryList=aInterface.addressEntries();
        for(int j=0;j<entryList.count();j++){
            QNetworkAddressEntry aEntry=entryList.at(j);
            ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("IP地址："+aEntry.ip().toString());
            ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("子网掩码"+aEntry.netmask().toString());
            ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("广播地址"+aEntry.broadcast().toString()+"\n");

        }
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("\n");

    }

}

void Dialog::on_btn_find_ip_clicked()
{
    QString hostname=ui->lineEdit->text();
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("正在查找主机信息："+hostname);
    QHostInfo::lookupHost(hostname,this,SLOT(lookedUpHostInfo(QHostInfo)));

}

void Dialog::on_btn_clear_clicked()
{
    ui->plainTextEdit->clear();
}

void Dialog::lookedUpHostInfo(const QHostInfo &host)
{
    QList<QHostAddress> addList=host.addresses();
    if(!addList.isEmpty()){
        for(int i=0;i<addList.count();i++){
            QHostAddress aHost=addList.at(i);
            bool show=ui->checkBox->isChecked();
            if(show){
                show=(QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol==aHost.protocol());
            }else{
                show=true;
            }
            if(show){

                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("协议: "+protocolName(aHost.protocol()));
                ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(aHost.toString());
            }
        }
    }
}

QString Dialog::protocolName(QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol)
{
    switch (protocol) {
    case QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol:
        return "IPv4 Protocol";
        break;
    case QAbstractSocket::IPv6Protocol:
        return "IPv6 Protocol";
        break;
    case QAbstractSocket::AnyIPProtocol:
        return "Any IP Protocol";
        break;
    default:
        return "Unknown Network Layer Protocol";
        break;
    }

}

dialog.ui:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>Dialog</class>
 <widget class="QDialog" name="Dialog">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>988</width>
    <height>803</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>Dialog</string>
  </property>
  <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_4">
   <item>
    <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_3">
     <item>
      <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_2">
       <item>
        <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
         <item>
          <widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_get_hostname_ip">
           <property name="text">
            <string>获取本地主机名和ip地址</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
          <widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_alladdress">
           <property name="text">
            <string>allAddress</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
        </layout>
       </item>
       <item>
        <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_2">
         <item>
          <widget class="QCheckBox" name="checkBox">
           <property name="text">
            <string>只显示IPv4协议地址</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
          <widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_allInterfaces">
           <property name="text">
            <string>allInterfaces</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
        </layout>
       </item>
       <item>
        <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
         <item>
          <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_3">
           <item>
            <widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_find_ip">
             <property name="text">
              <string>查找域名的IP地址</string>
             </property>
            </widget>
           </item>
           <item>
            <spacer name="horizontalSpacer">
             <property name="orientation">
              <enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
             </property>
             <property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
              <size>
               <width>40</width>
               <height>20</height>
              </size>
             </property>
            </spacer>
           </item>
           <item>
            <widget class="QLineEdit" name="lineEdit"/>
           </item>
          </layout>
         </item>
         <item>
          <widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_clear">
           <property name="text">
            <string>清空文本框</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
        </layout>
       </item>
      </layout>
     </item>
     <item>
      <widget class="QPlainTextEdit" name="plainTextEdit"/>
     </item>
    </layout>
   </item>
  </layout>
 </widget>
 <layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

如果你真的用心弄懂了，你将受益匪浅，学习本就是一个主动探索的过程