Response(响应)
1. HttpServletResponse概述:
在Servlet API中,定义了一个HttpServletResponse接口,它继承自ServletResponse接口,专门用来封装HTTP相应消息。由于HTTP相应消息分为状态行、响应消息头、消息体三部分,因此,在HttpServletResponse接口中定义了向客户端发送响应状态码、响应消息头、响应消息体的方法。
在创建Servlet时会覆盖service()方法,或doGet()/doPost(),这些方法都有两个参数,一个为代表请求的request和代表响应response。service方法中的response的类型是ServletResponse,而doGet/doPost方法的response的类型是HttpServletResponse,HttpServletResponse是ServletResponse的子接口,功能和方法更加强大。
2. response的运行流程
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,服务器针对这个请求会分别创建两个对象,一个是代表请求的HttpServletRequest,一个是代表响应HttpServletResponse。
(1)如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
(2)如果要给客户端一些响应信息:找HttpServletResponse
通过抓包工具抓取HTTP响应
1). Server :告诉浏览器,当前响应的服务类型和版本。
2). Content-Type响应头:服务器告诉浏览器响应内容是什么类型,以及采用的是什么字符编码。该响应头的值现在为:text/html;charset=utf-8。说明响应信息的类型是文本类型中的html,使用的字符编码是utf-8。
3). Content-Length响应头:服务器告诉浏览器,Content-Length响应头表明了响应实体的大小,该响应内容的长度现在是312个字节。
4). Date响应头:表示是服务器是在什么时候响应回浏览器,注意这里的时间是按照美国时间来计算。
5). Accept-Ranges: bytes - 该响应头表明服务器支持Range请求,以及服务器所支持的单位是字节(这也是唯一可用的单位).我们还能知道:服务器支持断点续传,以及支持同时下载文件的多个部分,也就是说下载工具可以利用范围请求加速下载该文件.Accept-Ranges: none 响应头表示服务器不支持范围请求.
6). Last-Modified:服务器上文件的最后修改时间
3.HttpServletResponse的方法 简单分类
3.1负责向浏览器发送数据的方法:
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;//平常的就用它
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;//一般写中文用它
3.2负责向浏览器发送一些响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);//设置响应的编码
void setContentLength(int var1);//设置响应的长度
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);//设置类型
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
3.3状态码的常量
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
4.常见应用
4.1向浏览器输出消息
4.2下载文件
步骤:
(1)要获取下载文件的路径
(2)要下载的文件名是啥?
(3)设置办法让浏览能够支持我们下载需要的东西
(4)获取下载文件的输入流
(5)创建缓冲区
(6)获取outputStream对象
(7)将FileOutputStream流入到buffer区
(8)使用outputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
实现类
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//(1)要获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\IdeaProjects\\Servlet\\Response\\target\\classes\\1.jpg";
System.out.println("要获取下载文件的路径"+realPath);
//(2)要下载的文件名是啥?
String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\" + 1));
//(3)设置办法让浏览能够支持我们下载需要的东西
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
//(4)获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//(5)创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//(6)获取outputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//(7)将FileOutputStream流入到buffer区
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//(8)使用outputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
in.close();
out.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>filename</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.ni.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>filename</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.3验证码实现
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器自动5s刷新
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
//得到图片
Graphics g= image.getGraphics();
//设置背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//生成随机数
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),80,20);
resp.setContentType("jpg");
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(99999));
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) {
buffer.append("0");
}
num=buffer.toString()+num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.ni.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ImageServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4.4实现重定向
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
<servlet>
<servlet-name>red</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.ni.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>red</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.sendRedirect("/r/image");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}