一、首先你要清楚:什么叫状语?
就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度.
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。
例如:My parents often tell us about their bitter life【 in the past】.
我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。
She studies 【hard】.她努力学习。
二、你要清楚:什么可以作状语?
1.副词:(这是英语中用作状语最多的一种。)
Say 【again】.再说一遍。
【Suddenly】 it began to rain.天突然下雨了。
2.介词短语:
Please come here【 in the evening】.请晚上来这儿。
He wrote 【with a red pencil】.他用红铅笔写的。
3.动词不定式(或不定式短语):
He went 【to see a film】.他看电影去了。
My father was surprised 【to hear the news】.我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇。
4.分词(或分词短语):
He sat there 【reading a novel】.他坐在那儿看小说。
The students went away【 laughing】.学生们笑着走开了。
5.名词:(这种情况较少。)
Wait 【a moment】.等一会儿。
It can go 【all day and all night】.它能整日整夜地走。
6.状语从句:
I’ll write to you 【as soon as I get there】我一到那儿就给你写信。
He didn’t come 【because he had to stay at home to finish his home work】.
他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。
三、状语的分类:
状语按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。
1.地点状语:
The students are doing their homework【 in the classroom】.学生们正在教室里做作业。
2.时间状语:
I’ll call you 【as soon as I get there】我一到那儿就给你打电话。
I learned a lot from the peasants【 when I lived in the countryside】.我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西。
3.目的状语:
He went 【to buy an English book 】.他买英语书去了。
They set out early【 so that they might arrive on time】.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
4.原因状语:
She will not go home【 because she has to attend a meeting】.因为要开会,所以她不能回家了。
5.结果状语:
Li Ming studied 【so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly】.李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人。
6.程度状语:
I 【nearly】 forgot what he had promised.
我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
7.方式状语:
He came 【singing and dancing】.他唱着跳着走过来。
8.条件状语:
【If you work hard at English】,you will do well in English.如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好。
9.让步状语:
He went to school yesterday【 though he was ill】.
昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了。
10.比较状语:
Lesson Two is more difficult 【than Lesson One】.第二课比第一课更难。
四、状语的位置:
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活,它可以处于句首、句中或句末。
1.状语位于句首:为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接,通常把状语放于句首。
【Tomorrow】 I am going swimming.明天我要去游泳。
【Here in the cinema house】,smoking is not allowed.在电影院这里不准吸烟的。
2.状语位于句中:状语在句中的位置是:
(1)如果没有助动词,状语就位于动词前面。
I often go 【to see a film】.我经常看电影。
(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词,状语位于第一个助动词之后。
He has 【already】 had his lunch.他已吃过午饭了。
(3)如果动词是be,状语就放在be动词之后。
He is 【alway】s at home.他总是在家