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文章目录
图像简单操作:
(1)读取、放大
任务
(1)将其分辨率放大至原来的二倍
(2)将其分辨率修改为
分别在窗口显示
分别保存为新图像
code
#read img“baby”
img = cv.imread("D:/lab/opencv/data/baby.png")
#放大分辨率
img_enlarge = cv.resize(img, None, None, fx=2, fy=2, interpolation=cv.INTER_LINEAR)
#修改分辨率
img_resize = cv.resize(img, (300, 300), interpolation=cv.INTER_LINEAR)
#显示图像
cv.imshow("baby", img)
cv.waitKey(0) # 即当前窗口持续显示,直至按下键盘或者点击窗口关闭
cv.imshow("enlarge", img_enlarge)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.imshow("resize", img_resize)
cv.waitKey(0)
#save img
save_path = 'D:/lab/opencv/result'
if not os.path.exists(save_path):
os.makedirs(save_path)
cv.imwrite(os.path.join(save_path, 'baby_enlarge.png'), img_enlarge)
cv.imwrite(os.path.join(save_path, 'baby_resize.png'), img_resize)
#按下任意键退出
cv.destroyAllWindows()
(2)高斯、旋转
任务
对butterfly图像加入size=7的高斯模糊
再将图像顺时针旋转90度
code
def Gauss(img):
gauss = cv.GaussianBlur(img, (0,0), 7)
return gauss
# 顺时针旋转90度
def RotateClockWise90(img):
rotation = cv.rotate(img, 0) # 0表示90度,1表示180度,2表示270度
return rotation
if __name__ == '__main__':
# img = cv.imread("D:/lab/opencv/data/butterfly.png")
# img_gauss = Gauss(img)
# img_rotation = RotateClockWise90(img_gauss)
# #show
# cv.imshow("gauss", img_gauss)
# cv.waitKey(0)
# cv.imshow("rotation", img_rotation)
# cv.waitKey(0)
(3)批量转化
任务
将cam文件夹下jpg图像批量转为png
并将新png图像命名为
“原名_0_LQRnb.png”
“原名_1_LQRnb.png”
“原名_2_LQRnb.png”
“原名_3_LQRnb.png”
code
#turn jpg into png
def JPG2PNG(path):
img_pathDir = os.listdir(path) # 提取所有文件名,并存在列表中
for i in range(len(img_pathDir)):
img_name = img_pathDir[i] # 读取所有文件名
img_path_name = path + img_name # 变量储存:绝对路径+文件名+拓展名
if img_name.endswith('.jpg'):
img = cv.imread(img_path_name)
new_img = img_name.split(".")[0] + str(i) + '_LQRnb.png'
print(new_img)
cv.imwrite(path + new_img, img)
效果
(4)色彩空间转化、增强
任务
将彩色图像lenna变为黑白图(只保留亮度信号)
将亮度值提升为原来的10%(注意亮度值会溢出!)
保存图像
【思考:选择合适的色彩空间以便于对图像的处理,6同】
code
def read_path(file_pathname):
# 遍历该目录下的所有图片文件
for filename in os.listdir(file_pathname):
img_pat = "./" + file_pathname + "/" + filename # 图片地址
img = cv.imread(img_pat) # 读图片
imgBrightness(img, 0.8, 3, filename)
# img = cv2.imread(file_pathname+'/'+filename)
# img=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 三通道转灰度图
# img = cv2.cvtColor(filename, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR) # 灰度图转三通道
def rgb2gray(path):
img = cv.imread(path)
row, col, channel = img.shape # 行数(高度)、列数(宽度)、通道数
img_gray = np.zeros((row, col))
#亮度转换,I(x,y) = 0.3 * I_R(x,y) +0.59 * I_G(x,y)+ 0.11 * I_B(x,y)
for r in range(row):
for l in range(col):
img_gray[r, l] = 0.11 * img[r, l, 0] + 0.59 * img[r, l, 1] + 0.3 * img[r, l, 2]
# 读取灰度图像
img2 = cv.imread(path, flags=0)
cv.imshow("lenna_weighted", img_gray.astype("uint8"))
cv.waitKey()
cv.imshow("lenna_gray", img2.astype("uint8"))
cv.waitKey()
cv.destroyAllWindows()
def imgBrightness(img, l):
# h, w, ch = img.shape
# black = np.zeros([h, w, ch], img.dtype) # 返回来一个给定形状和类型的用0填充的数组
#
# rst = cv.addWeighted(img, l, black, 1 - l, 0) # 图像融合
# # 第二个参数调节亮度,越大越亮,越小越暗
# # gamma: 灰度系数,图像校正的偏移量,用于调节亮度,一半为0
# # 变暗:rst = contrast_img(img, 0.5, 3)
# # cv.imwrite('save' + "/" + filename, rst) # 保存图片
# cv.imshow('raw', img)
# cv.imshow('black', black)
# cv.imshow('bright_lenna', rst)
# cv.waitKey()
# return rst
###用HLS颜色空间更好
# Convert BGR to HLS
imgHLS = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2HLS)
cv.imshow('lenna', imgHLS)
cv.imshow('row', img)
img_lighter = np.copy(imgHLS)
img_lighter[:, :, 1] = (1.0 + l) * imgHLS[:, :, 1]
img_lighter[:, :, 1][img_lighter[:, :, 1] > 255] = 255
# range of white color in L channel
# mask = cv2.inRange(imgHLS[:,:,1], lowerb=250, upperb=255)
img1 = cv.cvtColor(img_lighter, cv.COLOR_HLS2BGR)
cv.imshow('row1', img1)
#print(img_lighter[:, :, 1])
cv.imshow('lenna', imgHLS)
cv.imshow('bright_lenna', img_lighter)
cv.waitKey()
效果
在这里插入图片描述
(1)溢出
img_lighter[:, :, 1][img_lighter[:, :, 1] > 255] = 255
这句已经没有用了
(2)要转化为bgr才能imshow
(5)对数据集进行增强扩充
任务
将dataset中图像数按以下方法扩充至原来的6倍,形成新的数据集
(1)亮度在[80%,120%]范围内随机改变
(2)饱和度在[90%, 110%]范围内随机改变
(3)色度在[-10°,+10°]范围内随机改变
(4)引入高斯模糊,size在{5,7,9,11}种随机选择
(5)在图像随机位置加入随机大小的黑色遮罩,要求遮罩范围不大于整个图像的30%
(注意命名不限,但要合理)
code
####亮度在[80%,120%]范围内随机改变
def random_change_light(img, img_name, save_path, a):
# Convert BGR to HLS
imgHLS = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2HLS)
img_lighter = np.copy(imgHLS)
l = random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2) # 用于生成一个指定范围内的小数。 m <= l <= n
if (1.0 + 0.2) * imgHLS[:, :, 1].any() >255:
img_lighter[:, :, 1] = 255
else:
img_lighter[:, :, 1] = cv.multiply((1.0 + l), imgHLS[:, :, 1])
# Convert HLS to BGR
img1 = cv.cvtColor(img_lighter, cv.COLOR_HLS2BGR)
#save img
new_img = img_name.split(".")[0] + str(a+1) + '_light_change.png'
print(new_img)
cv.imwrite(save_path + new_img, img1)
def random_change_saturation(path):
pass
def random_change_hue(path):
pass
####引入高斯模糊,size在{5,7,9,11}种随机选择
def random_change_gauss(img, img_name, save_path, a):
size = random.choice((5, 7, 9, 11))
img_gauss = np.copy(img)
gauss = cv.GaussianBlur(img_gauss, (0,0), size)
# save img
new_img = img_name.split(".")[0] + str(a+1) + '_gauss_change.png'
print(new_img)
cv.imwrite(save_path + new_img, gauss)
####在图像随机位置加入随机大小的黑色遮罩,要求遮罩范围不大于整个图像的30%
def random_change_black_mask(img, img_name, save_path, a):
#生成遮罩
x = random.randint(0, img.shape[1]) #图像宽度
y = random.randint(0, img.shape[0]) #图像高度
w = random.randint(0, img.shape[1] - x) #图像宽度
h = random.randint(0, img.shape[0] - y) #图像高度
print('img:',x,w,img.shape[1],'-',y, h, img.shape[0])
mask = np.zeros([img.shape[0], img.shape[1]], dtype=np.uint8)
img_size = img.shape[1]*img.shape[0]
mask_size = w*h
print(img_size,mask_size)
if mask_size < 0.3*img_size:
for i in range(0, img.shape[0]):
for j in range(0, img.shape[1]):
if i in range(x,x+w) and j in range(y,y+h):
gray = 0
else:
gray = 255 # 数组元素是255,生成白色的图片
mask[i, j] = np.uint8(gray)
else:
random_change_black_mask(img, img_name, save_path, a)
#图像拼接
img_mask = cv.add(img, np.zeros(np.shape(img), dtype=np.uint8), mask=mask)
# save img
new_img = img_name.split(".")[0] + str(a+1) + '_mask_change.png'
print(new_img)
cv.imwrite(save_path + new_img, img_mask)
####查看图像任意一点bgr值
def mouse_click(event, x, y, flags, para):
# if event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: # 左边鼠标点击
# print('PIX:', x, y)
# print("BGR:", img[y, x])
# print("GRAY:", gray[y, x])
# print("HLS:", hls[y, x])
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
file_pathname = "D:/lab/opencv/data/dataset/"
save_path = "D:/lab/opencv/data/dataset/mask_change/"
#读取所有图片
for filename in os.listdir(file_pathname):
if filename.endswith('.png'):
img_pat = file_pathname + "/" + filename # 图片地址
img = cv.imread(img_pat) # 读图片
for i in range(0, 3):
# random_change_light(img, filename, save_path, i)
# random_change_gauss(img, filename, save_path, i)
#random_change_black_mask(img, filename, save_path, i)
i += 1
####查看图像任意一点bgr值
# img = cv.imread('D:/lab/opencv/data/dataset/00000000_SR.png')
# gray = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# hls = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2HLS)
# cv.namedWindow("img")
# cv.setMouseCallback("img", mouse_click)
# cv.imshow('img', img)
# cv.waitKey()
# cv.destroyAllWindows()