Python项目学习2022/05/30|Web应用程序|用户输入数据

2022/05/30学习内容
整理时间：2022/05/31
参考资料：《python编程从入门到实践》

项目：Web应用程序

四、用户输入数据

1.添加新主题
2.添加新条目
步骤：
1）导入含表单的模块
2）定义URL
3）编写视图
4）编写模块
3.编辑条目

添加新主题

1）导入用于添加主题的表单模块

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\forms.py
from django import forms

from .models import Topic


class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}

2）定义URL

"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),

    # 显示所有主题
    url(r'^topics/$', views.topics, name='topics'),

    # 显示特定主题页面
    url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name='topic'),

    # 添加新主题网页
    url(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
]

3）编写视图

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    """学习笔记主页"""
    # 实参：原始请求对象--request，可用于创建网页的模板--'learning_logs/index.html'
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')


def topics(request):
    """列出所有主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)


def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示特定主题页面"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)


def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题页面"""
    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)

4） 编写模块
new_topic.html
修改topics.html

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\templates\learning_logs\new_topic.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
<p>Add a new topic:</p>

<from action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method='post'>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ from.as_p }}
    <button name="submit">add topic</button>
</from>
{% endblock content %}

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
<p>Topics</p>
<ul>
    {% for topic in topics %}
    <li>
        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a>
    </li>
    {% empty %}
    <li>
        No topics have been added yet.
    </li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}"> Add a new topic:</a>
{% endblock content %}

2.添加新条目

1）导入用于添加新条目的表单模块

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\forms.py
from django import forms

from .models import Topic,Entry


# 添加新主题
class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}


# 添加新条目
class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Entry
        fields = ['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}
        widgets = {'text':forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80})}

2）定义URL

"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),

    # 显示所有主题
    url(r'^topics/$', views.topics, name='topics'),

    # 显示特定主题页面
    url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name='topic'),

    # 添加新主题网页
    url(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),

    # 添加新条目网页
    url(r'^new_topic/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
]

3）编写视图

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from .models import Topic
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    """学习笔记主页"""
    # 实参：原始请求对象--request，可用于创建网页的模板--'learning_logs/index.html'
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')


def topics(request):
    """列出所有主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)


def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示特定主题页面"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)


def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题页面"""
    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)


def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """添加新条目页面"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)

    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic', args=[topic_id]))

    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)

4）编写模块
new_entry.html
修改topic.html

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\templates\learning_logs\new_entry.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a></p>

<p>Add a new entry:</p>

<from action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method='post'>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ from.as_p }}
    <button name="submit">add entry</button>
</from>

{% endblock content %}

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

<p>Topic:{{ topic }}</p>

<p>Entries:</p>
<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a>
</p>
<ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}

    <li>
        <p>{{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'}}</p>
        <p>{{ entry.text|linebreaks }}</p>
    </li>
    {% empty %}
    <li>
        There are no entries for this topic yet.
    </li>

    {% endfor %}
</ul>

{% endblock content %}

编辑条目

1）定义URL

"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),

    # 显示所有主题
    url(r'^topics/$', views.topics, name='topics'),

    # 显示特定主题页面
    url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name='topic'),

    # 添加新主题网页
    url(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),

    # 添加新条目网页
    url(r'^new_topic/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),

    # 添加编辑条目网页
    url(r'^new_entry/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
]

2）编写视图

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    """学习笔记主页"""
    # 实参：原始请求对象--request，可用于创建网页的模板--'learning_logs/index.html'
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')


def topics(request):
    """列出所有主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)


def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示特定主题页面"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)


def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题页面"""
    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)


def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """添加新条目页面"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)

    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic', args=[topic_id]))

    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)


def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """添加新条目页面"""
    entry = Topic.objects.get(id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic

    # 确认请求方法是GET还是POST请求
    # 请求空单表GET 对填好表单进行处理POST
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry,data=request.POST)
        # 判断提交的信息是否有效
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic', args=[topic.id]))

    context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)

3）编写模块
edit_entry.html
修改base.html

# I:\learning_log\learning_logs\templates\learning_logs\edit_entry.html
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a></p>

<p>Edit entry:</p>

<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method='post'>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button name="submit">save changes</button>
</form>

{% endblock content %}

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

<p>Topic:{{ topic }}</p>

<p>Entries:</p>
<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a>
</p>
<ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}

    <li>
        <p>{{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'}}</p>
        <p>{{ entry.text|linebreaks }}</p>
        <p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">edit entry</a></p>
    </li>
    {% empty %}
    <li>
        There are no entries for this topic yet.
    </li>

    {% endfor %}
</ul>

{% endblock content %}