每一种时态的完整列举:
- 现在时:
肯定句:主语 + 现在时动词
- I walk to work every day.(我每天步行上班)
- She sings very well.(她唱歌非常好)
否定句:主语 + do/does not + 原形动词
- I do not like coffee. (我不喜欢咖啡)
- She does not play basketball. (她不打篮球)
疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 原形动词?
- Do you speak Chinese?(你会说中文吗?)
- Does your sister go to school by bus?(你妹妹坐公交车上学吗?)
- 过去时:
肯定句:主语 + 过去时动词
- He wrote a letter yesterday.(他昨天写了一封信)
- We walked in the park last weekend.(我们上周末在公园里散步)
否定句:主语 + did not + 原形动词
- They did not watch the movie last night.(他们昨晚没有看那部电影)
- I did not go to the party because I was sick.(我因为生病没去参加派对)
疑问句:Did + 主语 + 原形动词?
- Did he call you last night?(他昨晚给你打电话了吗?)
- Did you finish your homework yesterday?(你昨天做完作业了吗?)
- 将来时:
肯定句:将来时助动词 + 主语 + 原形动词
- We will have dinner together tomorrow.(我们明天会一起吃晚饭)
- He is going to study abroad next year.(他明年要出国留学)
否定句:主语 + will not + 原形动词
- I will not go to the party tonight.(我今晚不去参加派对了)
- She will not travel alone.(她不会一个人旅行)
疑问句:Will + 主语 + 原形动词?
- Will it rain tomorrow?(明天会下雨吗?)
- Will you be free on Saturday?(你周六有空吗?)
- 完成时:
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词
- They have already finished their work.(他们已经完成了工作)
- She has never visited China before.(她以前从未去过中国)
否定句:主语 + have/has not + 过去分词
- I have not seen this movie yet.(我还没看过这部电影)
- He has not eaten breakfast yet.(他还没吃早餐)
疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
- Have you ever been to New York?(你去过纽约吗?)
- Has she finished her homework yet?(她作业做完了吗?)
- 过去完成时:
肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词
- By the time he arrived, we had already left.(他到达时,我们已经离开了)
- She had studied English for 5 years before moving to the United States.(她在搬到美国之前已经学习英语5年了)
否定句:主语 + had not + 过去分词
- They had not met before.(他们以前没见过面)
- I had not finished my homework when the teacher came in.(老师进来的时候我还没做完作业)
疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词?
- Had you ever read this book before?(你以前读过这本书吗?)
- Had they seen the movie before it was released?(电影上映之前他们看过吗?)
以上列举的五种是英语中最基本、最常用的时态形式,但实际上还有其他时态,比如:
- 进行时:表示动作正在进行中,通常由be+现在分词构成。
- He is watching TV now.(他现在正在看电视)
- They were playing basketball when it started raining.(下雨的时候他们正在打篮球)
- 进行完成时:表示过去某个时间点之前已经开始并一直持续到那个时间点的动作或状态,由have/has been+现在分词构成。
- She has been learning Spanish for 3 years.(她已经学习西班牙语3年了)
- We have been waiting for him for over an hour.(我们已经等了他一个多小时)
- 将来完成时:表示某个将来的时间点之前已经完成某项动作或达成某种状态,由will have+过去分词构成。
- By this time next year, I will have graduated from college.(明年这个时候,我就要从大学毕业了)
- They will have been married for 10 years in November.(11月份他们就结婚十周年了)
这些时态同样重要,也需要灵活运用。
英语句子有多种结构,以下是其中的几种常见结构:
- 简单句(Simple sentence): 由一个主语和一个谓语构成。
- I love playing basketball.
- 复合句(Complex sentence): 由一个主句和至少一个从句构成。
- She didn’t study, because she slept late last night.
- 并列句(Compound sentence): 由两个或多个相互独立的简单句组合而成。
- He likes to play football, but he doesn’t like to watch it on TV.
- 定语从句(Relative clause): 由一个引导词(如that, which, who)和其他部分组成的修饰性从句,用来修饰某个名词或代词。
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.
- 状语从句(Adverbial clause): 由一个引导词(如because, when, if, although)和其他部分组成的从句,用于修饰整个句子或句子中的一个动词、形容词、副词等。
- Although it was raining heavily, we still went for a walk.
需要注意的是,这只是一小部分常见的句子结构。在实际使用中,也可以根据需要结合不同的语法元素进行组合和创作。
除了上面提到的句子结构之外,以下是其他常见的英语句子结构:
- 反义疑问句 (Tag question): 由一个陈述句和一个疑问短句组成,用于就某个观点或事实征求对方的确认。
- It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
- 感叹句(Exclamatory sentence): 用来表达情感强烈的惊喜、兴奋、怒气等复杂情感的句子。
- What a wonderful performance they did!
- 祈使句(Imperative sentence): 用来表示请求、命令、劝告等具有交际意义的句子。
- Please pass me the salt.
- 首位倒装句(Inverted sentence): 在一些情况下,主语和谓语顺序可能会被颠倒过来,以突出某个词语或加强语气。
- Into the room came a tall man.
需要注意的是,在英语中可以使用多种方式组合不同的句子结构,这取决于句子的目的、含义和设定。
还有一些较为特殊的句子结构,如:
- 倒装句 (Inverted sentence): 主语和谓语动词的顺序颠倒,通常应用于条件句、疑问句或强调句。
- Never have I ever seen such an incredible performance.
- 条件句 (Conditional sentence): 描述某种情况下或条件下发生的事情。
- If it rains, we’ll have to stay inside for the day.
- 省略句 (Elliptical sentence): 删除了句子中某些元素,仍可以理解其含义。
- A: Did you brush your teeth?
B: Yes, I did. (省略回答部分 “brush my teeth”)
- 复杂名词性从句(Complex nominal clauses): 长篇句子,通常包含一个引导词和一个或多个主语、谓语、宾语、补语等,被作为名词在整个复合句中充当某个成分。
- I didn’t know when the party was going to start.