ipv6 socket python网络编程

常用方法

通过地址建立socket：

无需提前指定INET或者INET6。

MYGROUP_4 = '225.0.0.250'
MYGROUP_6 = 'ff15:7079:7468:6f6e:6465:6d6f:6d63:6173'
addrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo(MYGROUP_6, None)[0]
(10, 1, 6, '', ('ff02::1:3', 0, 0, 0))

返回第一个参数是socket.AF_INET6
获取第一个参数就可以知道ipv4/ipv6

设置ttl/hop：

ttl_bin = struct.pack('@i', MYTTL: int)
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, ttl_bin)
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, ttl_bin)

地址复用：

s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

绑定：

接收所有多播组：s.bind(('', MYPORT))
接收指定多播组：s.bind(('224.0.0.252', MYPORT))

加入多播组（向操作系统订阅多播消息）

group_bin = socket.inet_pton(addrinfo[0], addrinfo[4][0])

ipv4:

mreq = group_bin + struct.pack('=I', socket.INADDR_ANY)
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)

ipv6:
后面的加的是接口索引，0表示默认网络接口

mreq = group_bin + struct.pack('@I', 0)
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, mreq)

指定多播发送的接口：

sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(addr))
host = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton(host))

参考示例

ipv6组播监听

group_ipv6 = "FF02::1:3"
llmnr_port = 5355
s_ipv6 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s_ipv6.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s_ipv6.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, struct.pack('@i', 255))
group = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, group_ipv6)
if system() == "Windows":
	mreq = group + struct.pack('@I', get_ipv6_ifindex(get_iface_by_ip(targer_ip)))
else:
	mreq = group + struct.pack('@I', socket.if_nametoindex(get_iface_by_ip(targer_ip)))
s_ipv6.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, mreq)
s_ipv6.bind((group_ipv6, llmnr_port))

iface是网卡对象，比如<NetworkInterface [Realtek PCIe GbE Family Controller] {GUID}>，获取网卡索引两种方式：

• int(netifaces.ifaddresses(iface.guid)[socket.AF_INET6][-1]["broadcast"].split("%")[-1])
• iface.win_index
targer_ip是要监听网段上的任意地址
  system()是from platfrom import system

windows ipv6绑定接口参考链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47280816/windows-doesnt-receive-multicast-ipv6-packets-from-all-interfaces

https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html