java基础-02标识符和关键字

一.关键字

学习一件东西，需要习惯从它官方文档里面学习。毕竟羊毛出在羊身上嘛。下面贴了一张官网图，看不清可以点击下方链接。
直达官网关键字链接

下面是对每个关键字的具体描述，我们需要习惯用英文去理解。所以没有特意翻译。

Keyword	Usage
abstract	Specifies that a class or method will be implemented later, in a subclass
assert	Assert describes a predicate placed in a Java program to indicate that the developer thinks that the predicate is always true at that place.
boolean	A data type that can hold True and False values only
break	A control statement for breaking out of loops.
byte	A data type that can hold 8-bit data values
case	Used in switch statements to mark blocks of text
catch	Catches exceptions generated by try statements
char	A data type that can hold unsigned 16-bit Unicode characters
class	Declares a new class
continue	Sends control back outside a loop
default	Specifies the default block of code in a switch statement
do	Starts a do-while loop
double	A data type that can hold 64-bit floating-point numbers
else	Indicates alternative branches in an if statement
enum	A Java keyword is used to declare an enumerated type. Enumerations extend the base class.
extends	Indicates that a class is derived from another class or interface
final	Indicates that a variable holds a constant value or that a method will not be overridden
finally	Indicates a block of code in a try-catch structure that will always be executed
float	A data type that holds a 32-bit floating-point number
for	Used to start a for loop
if	Tests a true/false expression and branches accordingly
implements	Specifies that a class implements an interface
import	References other classes
instanceof	Indicates whether an object is an instance of a specific class or implements an interface
int	A data type that can hold a 32-bit signed integer
interface	Declares an interface
long	A data type that holds a 64-bit integer
native	Specifies that a method is implemented with native (platform-specific) code
new	Creates new objects
null	This indicates that a reference does not refer to anything
package	Declares a Java package
private	An access specifier indicating that a method or variable may be accessed only in the class it’s declared in
protected	An access specifier indicating that a method or variable may only be accessed in the class it’s declared in (or a subclass of the class it’s declared in or other classes in the same package)
public	An access specifier used for classes, interfaces, methods, and variables indicating that an item is accessible throughout the application (or where the class that defines it is accessible)
return	Sends control and possibly a return value back from a called method
short	A data type that can hold a 16-bit integer
static	Indicates that a variable or method is a class method (rather than being limited to one particular object)
strictfp	A Java keyword is used to restrict the precision and rounding of floating-point calculations to ensure portability.
super	Refers to a class’s base class (used in a method or class constructor)
switch	A statement that executes code based on a test value
synchronized	Specifies critical sections or methods in multithreaded code
this	Refers to the current object in a method or constructor
throw	Creates an exception
throws	Indicates what exceptions may be thrown by a method
transient	Specifies that a variable is not part of an object’s persistent state
try	Starts a block of code that will be tested for exceptions
void	Specifies that a method does not have a return value
volatile	This indicates that a variable may change asynchronously
while	Starts a while loop
sealed	The sealed keyword is used to declare a class as “sealed,” meaning it restricts which classes can extend it.
permits	The permits keyword is used within a sealed class declaration to specify the subclasses that are permitted to extend it.

二.标识符

在 Java 中，标识符用于识别目的。Java 标识符可以是类名、方法名、变量名或标签。

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = 20;
    }
}

• Test: 类名
• main: 方法名
• String: 预定义类名
• args: 变量名
• a: 变量名

标识符注意点：

1.所有的标识符只能以大小写字母(A-Z或a-z)，美元符号($)，或者下划线（_）开头，首字符之后可以任意组合。但是不能以#，%等特殊字符结尾。（&可以）
2. 不能使用关键字作为变量名或方法名，也就是第一大点讲到的图里的关键字。
3.标识符区分大小写，也就是大写字母的变量和小写字母的变量是完全不一样的。十分之敏感。
4.养成习惯用英文方式命名。name就name，不要用mingzi代替，非常不规范。

这里顺便说一个快捷键：command + D 复制光标所在行内容。省事不少。（windows是ctrl+D）

三.关键字和标识符区别

较为潦草地说除了关键字图里的那些字母，其他符合规范的命名字符均为标识符。

最后，想啰嗦几句。我们在写代码之初，了解代码规范，养成良好的习惯是很重要。所有的理论需要投入实践，更准确的说是需要投入大量的实践。在实践中思考，在实践中总结，相信我们都会在混沌中找到一方属于自己的净土。