Python 实现贪吃蛇游戏

贪吃蛇是一个经典的游戏，玩家通过控制蛇的移动来吃食物，使蛇变长。当蛇头碰到边界或撞到自己的身体时，游戏结束。

在 Python 中可以使用第三方库pygame来实现贪吃蛇游戏，使用pygame前需确保其已经安装。

如下是使用pygame来实现贪吃蛇的代码示例：

import random
import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from collections import deque

# 屏幕宽度
SCREEN_WIDTH = 600
# 屏幕高度
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480
# 小方格大小
SIZE = 20
# 网格线宽度
LINE_WIDTH = 1

# 游戏区域的坐标范围
SCOPE_X = (0, SCREEN_WIDTH // SIZE - 1)
SCOPE_Y = (2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // SIZE - 1)

# 食物的分值及颜色
FOOD_STYLE_LIST = [(10, (255, 100, 100)), (20, (100, 255, 100)), (30, (100, 100, 255))]

LIGHT = (100, 100, 100)
DARK = (200, 200, 200)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (200, 30, 30)
BGCOLOR = (40, 40, 60)


def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)):
    imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor)
    screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))


# 初始化蛇
def init_snake():
    snake = deque()
    snake.append((2, SCOPE_Y[0]))
    snake.append((1, SCOPE_Y[0]))
    snake.append((0, SCOPE_Y[0]))
    return snake


def create_food(snake):
    food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1])
    food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1])
    while (food_x, food_y) in snake:
        # 如果食物出现在蛇身上，则重来
        food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1])
        food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1])
    return food_x, food_y


def get_food_style():
    return FOOD_STYLE_LIST[random.randint(0, 2)]


def main_game():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
    pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
    # 得分的字体
    font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 24)
    # GAME OVER 的字体
    font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 72)
    fwidth, fheight = font2.size('GAME OVER')

    # 如果蛇正在向右移动，那么快速点击向下向左，由于程序刷新没那么快，向下事件会被向左覆盖掉，导致蛇后退，直接 GAME OVER
    # b 变量就是用于防止这种情况的发生
    b = True

    # 蛇
    snake = init_snake()
    # 食物
    food = create_food(snake)
    food_style = get_food_style()
    # 方向
    pos = (1, 0)

    game_over = True
    # 是否开始，当start = True，game_over = True 时，才显示 GAME OVER
    start = False
    # 得分
    score = 0
    # 原始速度
    orispeed = 0.5
    speed = orispeed
    last_move_time = None
    # 暂停
    pause = False

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == K_RETURN:
                    if game_over:
                        start = True
                        game_over = False
                        b = True
                        snake = init_snake()
                        food = create_food(snake)
                        food_style = get_food_style()
                        pos = (1, 0)
                        # 得分
                        score = 0
                        last_move_time = time.time()
                elif event.key == K_SPACE:
                    if not game_over:
                        pause = not pause
                elif event.key in (K_w, K_UP):
                    # 这个判断是为了防止蛇向上移时按了向下键，导致直接 GAME OVER
                    if b and not pos[1]:
                        pos = (0, -1)
                        b = False
                elif event.key in (K_s, K_DOWN):
                    if b and not pos[1]:
                        pos = (0, 1)
                        b = False
                elif event.key in (K_a, K_LEFT):
                    if b and not pos[0]:
                        pos = (-1, 0)
                        b = False
                elif event.key in (K_d, K_RIGHT):
                    if b and not pos[0]:
                        pos = (1, 0)
                        b = False

        # 填充背景色
        screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        # 画网格线 竖线
        for x in range(SIZE, SCREEN_WIDTH, SIZE):
            pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (x, SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE), (x, SCREEN_HEIGHT), LINE_WIDTH)
        # 画网格线 横线
        for y in range(SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SIZE):
            pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (0, y), (SCREEN_WIDTH, y), LINE_WIDTH)

        if not game_over:
            curTime = time.time()
            if curTime - last_move_time > speed:
                if not pause:
                    b = True
                    last_move_time = curTime
                    next_s = (snake[0][0] + pos[0], snake[0][1] + pos[1])
                    if next_s == food:
                        # 吃到了食物
                        snake.appendleft(next_s)
                        score += food_style[0]
                        speed = orispeed - 0.03 * (score // 100)
                        food = create_food(snake)
                        food_style = get_food_style()
                    else:
                        if SCOPE_X[0] <= next_s[0] <= SCOPE_X[1] and SCOPE_Y[0] <= next_s[1] <= SCOPE_Y[1] \
                                and next_s not in snake:
                            snake.appendleft(next_s)
                            snake.pop()
                        else:
                            game_over = True

        # 画食物
        if not game_over:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, food_style[1], (food[0] * SIZE, food[1] * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)

        # 画蛇
        for s in snake:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, (s[0] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH, s[1] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH,
                                            SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2, SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2), 0)

        print_text(screen, font1, 30, 7, f'速度: {score // 100}')
        print_text(screen, font1, 450, 7, f'得分: {score}')

        if game_over:
            if start:
                print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - fheight) // 2, 'GAME OVER',
                           RED)
        # 更新画布
        pygame.display.update()

你可以使用下面的代码来进行测试：

main_game()

上述代码实现了一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。游戏窗口的宽度和高度为 600x480 像素，蛇的初始位置在窗口的左上角，食物的初始位置是随机的。当按下回车键后启动游戏，玩家可以使用方向键来控制蛇的移动，蛇吃到食物后会变长，游戏结束的条件是蛇碰到边界或撞到自己的身体。

注意，这只是一个简单的示例，你可以根据自己的需求来修改和扩展代码。