C++_构造函数

C++_构造函数

1、实例化对象后，要求里面的参数逐一赋值，太麻烦了，引入构造函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

public:

	Person() {cout <<"Pserson()"<<endl;}
	Person(char *name) 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char *)"<<endl;
		this->name = name;
	}

	Person(char *name, int age, char *work = "none") 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char*, int)"<<endl;
		this->name = name;
		this->age = age;
		this->work = work;
	}

	
	void setName(char *n)
	{
		name = n;
	}
	int setAge(int a)
	{
		if (a < 0 || a > 150)
		{
			age = 0;
			return -1;
		}
		age = a;
		return 0;
	}
	void printInfo(void)
	{
		//printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
		cout<<"name = "<<name<<", age = "<<age<<", work = "<<work<<endl;
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Person per("zhangsan", 16);  /*调用构造函数，其中work参数是使用默认的*/
	Person per2;   /* 调用无参构造函数 */
	Person per3(); /* int fun(); 仅仅是声明，不会调用构造函数*/
	
	Person *per4 = new Person;  //使用new动态创建
	Person *per5 = new Person();
	Person *per6 = new Person[2];
	Person *per7 = new Person("lisi", 18, "student");
	Person *per8 = new Person("wangwu", 18);

	per.printInfo();
	per7->printInfo();
	per8->printInfo();

	delete per4;  //释放空间
	delete per5;
	delete []per6;
	delete per7;
	delete per8;

	per.printInfo();
	return 0;
}

2、构造函数里面分配空间保存字符串信息
注意：这样会导致程序运行是内存持续上涨，除非程序关掉了，会由析构函数释放内存

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

public:

	Person() {cout <<"Pserson()"<<endl;}
	Person(char *name) 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char *)"<<endl;
		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];  //给字符串动态分配了空间
		strcpy(this->name, name);
	}

	Person(char *name, int age, char *work = "none") 
	{
		cout <<"Pserson(char*, int)"<<endl;
		this->age = age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(work) + 1];  //给字符串动态分配了空间
		strcpy(this->work, work);
	}

	void setName(char *n)
	{
		name = n;
	}
	int setAge(int a)
	{
		if (a < 0 || a > 150)
		{
			age = 0;
			return -1;
		}
		age = a;
		return 0;
	}
	void printInfo(void)
	{
		//printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
		cout<<"name = "<<name<<", age = "<<age<<", work = "<<work<<endl;
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Person per("zhangsan", 16);
	Person per2;   /* 调用无参构造函数 */
	Person per3(); /* int fun(); */

	Person *per4 = new Person;
	Person *per5 = new Person();

	Person *per6 = new Person[2];

	Person *per7 = new Person("lisi", 18, "student");
	Person *per8 = new Person("wangwu", 18);

	per.printInfo();
	per7->printInfo();
	per8->printInfo();

	delete per4;
	delete per5;
	delete []per6;
	delete per7;
	delete per8;

	return 0;
}

3、引入内存释放函数（也就是析构函数）
注意：
①Person per(“zhangsan”, 16);创建的对象在调用结束后就会调用析构函数释放内存空间
②Person *per4 = new Person;必须使用delete per4;来释放，否则只有等整个程序运行结束后由linux系统来释放

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

public:

	Person() {//cout <<"Pserson()"<<endl;
		name = NULL;
		work = NULL;
	}
	Person(char *name) 
	{
		//cout <<"Pserson(char *)"<<endl;
		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);
		this->work = NULL;
	}

	Person(char *name, int age, char *work = "none") 
	{
		//cout <<"Pserson(char*, int)"<<endl;
		this->age = age;

		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy(this->name, name);

		this->work = new char[strlen(work) + 1];
		strcpy(this->work, work);
	}

	~Person()  //析构函数
	{
		if (this->name)
			delete this->name;
		if (this->work)
			delete this->work;
	}

	void setName(char *n)
	{
		name = n;
	}
	int setAge(int a)
	{
		if (a < 0 || a > 150)
		{
			age = 0;
			return -1;
		}
		age = a;
		return 0;
	}
	void printInfo(void)
	{
		//printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
		//cout<<"name = "<<name<<", age = "<<age<<", work = "<<work<<endl;
	}
};

void test_fun()
{
	Person per("zhangsan", 16);
	Person per2;   /* 调用无参构造函数 */
	Person per3(); /* int fun(); */

	Person *per4 = new Person;
	Person *per5 = new Person();

	Person *per6 = new Person[2];

	Person *per7 = new Person("lisi", 18, "student");
	Person *per8 = new Person("wangwu", 18);

	per.printInfo();
	per7->printInfo();
	per8->printInfo();

	delete per4;
	delete per5;
	delete []per6;
	delete per7;
	delete per8;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
		test_fun();
	cout << "run test_fun end"<<endl;
	sleep(10);
	return 0;
}