servletContext入门

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-02 00:27:21 发布

白泽小课堂

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-02 00:27:21 发布

阅读量182

点赞数

文章标签： java servlet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50277857/article/details/114678582

版权

1.servletContext作用

在web容器启动时，会为每一个servlet都创建一个servletContext对象，他代表了当前的web 对象。可以实现不同的servlet之间的数据共享、消息转发、获取初始化参数和读取资源文件等。

2.servletContext实现

2.1 servlet之间数据共享

1)在webapp文件夹下新建一个html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>servlet数据共享页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="get" action="s1">
        <p>
            用户名：<input name="name" type="text">
        </p>
        <p>
            密码：<input name="password" type="password">
        </p>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

2)新建两个servlet，以便实现数据共享

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException {
        String name=req.getParameter("name");
        String password=req.getParameter("password");
        res.getWriter().println(name);
        res.getWriter().println(password);
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
        context.setAttribute("name",name);
        context.setAttribute("password",password);
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException {
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
        res.getWriter().println(context.getAttribute("name"));
        res.getWriter().println(context.getAttribute("password"));
    }
}

servlet1负责从html中获得name和password两个参数，并且将其设置在ServletContext中，并将其显示在页面中。

servlet2负责从ServletContext中获取name和password两个参数，并显示在页面中。

3)在web.xml中设置访问路径

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>s1</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>Servlet1</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>s1</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>s2</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>Servlet2</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>s2</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

4)在浏览器中先访问html，填写用户名和密码并提交，

之后跳转到s1页面上输出name和password的值，

此时将路径直接跳转到s2，s2页面也会输出name和password的值

2.2 获取初始化参数

1) 在web.xml中添加初始化参数，在webapp标签中添加如下代码

  <context-param>
    <param-name>name</param-name>
    <param-value>19960112</param-value>
  </context-param>

2)添加一个servlet，在servlet中利用ServletContext获取初始化参数，并显示在页面中，代码如下。

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletContextDemo extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
        String password=(String)context.getInitParameter("name");
        response.getWriter().println("password");
        response.getWriter().println(password);

    }


}

3)在web.xml中设置servlet

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getPassword</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>ServletContextDemo</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getPassword</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getPassword</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

4)访问效果如下

2.3 消息转发

1)利用2.2的servlet实现消息转发，新建一个servlet

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext sc=this.getServletContext();
        sc.getRequestDispatcher("/getPassword").forward(req,res);
    }
}

2)在web.xml中添加新建servlet的访问路径

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servletDispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>ServletDispatcher</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servletDispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3)在浏览器地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080/sd,发现页面显示的和2.2中相同，现实的是获取的初始化参数。

2.4 读取资源文件

1)在java文件夹下新建一个properties文件，new->Resource Bundle,填写properties文件名，在properties中添加如下代码

username=baize
password=19960112

user.properties会被打包到classes文件夹下。

2)新建servlet获取资源文件内容

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesGet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().println("123");
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("WEB-INF/classes/user.properties");

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user + ":" + pwd);

    }

}

3)在web.xml中添加servlet

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>pg</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>PropertiesGet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>pg</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/pg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

4)访问效果如下,页面中显示了资源文件的内容。