04 关于OSPF的环回口

环境延续 MPLS实验03

1、此时在R4上修改环回口路由为24位

R4(config)#interface loopback 0
R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0

2、此时在R1上ping R5环回口测试连通性

R1#ping 5.5.5.5 source 1.1.1.1 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1 
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

3、查看设备的MPLS转发表

R2#show mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
16         16         4.4.4.4/32       0             Et0/1      23.1.1.3    
17         Pop Label  3.3.3.3/32       0             Et0/1      23.1.1.3    
18         Pop Label  34.1.1.0/24      0             Et0/1      23.1.1.3    
19         No Label   1.1.1.1/32[V]    0             Et0/0      12.1.1.1  

R3#show mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
16         No Label   4.4.4.4/32       1333          Et0/0      34.1.1.4    
17         Pop Label  2.2.2.2/32       1067          Et0/1      23.1.1.2 

R4#show mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
16         Pop Label  3.3.3.3/32       0             Et0/0      34.1.1.3    
17         Pop Label  23.1.1.0/24      0             Et0/0      34.1.1.3    
18         17         2.2.2.2/32       0             Et0/0      34.1.1.3    
19         No Label   5.5.5.5/32[V]    0             Et0/1      45.1.1.5 

4、在R3上下一跳4.4.4.4怎么使 No Label呢？按道理应该是隐式空标签Pop Label才对
5、查看R3 LFIB

R3#show mpls ip binding 
  2.2.2.2/32 
        in label:     17        
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 2.2.2.2:0        inuse
        out label:    18        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
  3.3.3.3/32 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    16        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    17        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  4.4.4.0/24 
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
  4.4.4.4/32 
        in label:     16        
        out label:    16        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  23.1.1.0/24 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    17        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  34.1.1.0/24 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    18        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0  

关于4.4.4.4
/24 是LDP给的
/32 是OSPF给的
6、OSP对所有环回口，在通常情况下，无论接口配置的子网掩码是多少，均以主机路由通告出去
7、在MPLS VPN环境下，有两层标签，当R3得到一个携带两层标签的报文，外层标签没有out Label，有以下几种处理情况
1）标签报文被丢弃
2）外层标签被移除，依据内层标签转发
3）移除所有标签，尝试以FIB为依据转发
8、抓包查看
在R3的e0/1接口抓包

在R3的e0/0接口抓包
结论就是报文被丢弃了
在R3上实际情况就是，收到的标签与FEC映射关系和路由表不Match

解决方案：
1）将环回口配置为32位
2）修改环回口的网络类型位Cisco P2P；Huawei MA

R4(config)#interface loopback 0 
R4(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

测试连通性

R1#ping 5.5.5.5 source 1.1.1.1 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

查看R3 MPLS转发表

R3#show mpls forwarding-table 
Local      Outgoing   Prefix           Bytes Label   Outgoing   Next Hop    
Label      Label      or Tunnel Id     Switched      interface              
16         No Label   4.4.4.4/32       0             drop       
17         Pop Label  2.2.2.2/32       4406          Et0/1      23.1.1.2    
18         Pop Label  4.4.4.0/24       1307          Et0/0      34.1.1.4

查看R3 LFIB

R3#show mpls ip binding 
  2.2.2.2/32 
        in label:     17        
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 2.2.2.2:0        inuse
        out label:    18        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
  3.3.3.3/32 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    16        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    17        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  4.4.4.0/24 
        in label:     18        
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 4.4.4.4:0        inuse
        out label:    20        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  4.4.4.4/32 (no route)
        in label:     16        
        out label:    16        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  23.1.1.0/24 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    17        lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 2.2.2.2:0       
  34.1.1.0/24 
        in label:     imp-null  
        out label:    imp-null  lsr: 4.4.4.4:0       
        out label:    18        lsr: 2.2.2.2:0