python语法

一、基本数据类型：
   1.数值型：
(1) int->整型	

n1 = 10			               		
print(n1)			               		
print(type(n1))

(2) float->浮点型（小数）

n2 = 10.1	
print(n2)				         				                
print(type(n2)

(3) complex->复数
    
 2.字符串：str->
          单引号'abc'或者双引号"abc"【普通字符串的定义】
	  多行字符串【跟多行注释有点类似】 

s1 = 'shuaige'
s2 = "meinv"
print(s1)
print(s2)				
print(type(s1))			
print(type(s2))
s3 = '''
	帅哥多 美女更多
     '''
print(s3)
print(type(s3))

二、注释
   (1) #单行注释
   (2) '''
	   多行注释1
        '''
        """
           多行注释2
	"""  
    (3) 运算符：
	算数运算符：+、-、*、/、%、**、//	

n1 = 10
n2 = 20
print(n1 + n2)

	比较运算符：==、<、>、!=、<=、>=
		

print(n1 == n2 )
print(n1 <= n2 )

	赋值运算符：=、+=、-=、/=、%=、//=、**=

print(n1)
print(n2)
n2 +=n1
print("n1=",n1,'n2=',n2)

	逻辑运算符：and、or、not
		

n1 = True
n2 = False
print(n1 or n2 )
print(not n1 )

	成员运算符：in、not in
		

s1 = "hello"
print('e' in s1)
print('x' not in s1)

三、流程控制：
   1.分支结构：
if:if_stmt ::=  "if"assignment_expression ":" suite            					("elif" assignment_expression ":" suite)*             					["else" ":" suite]

eg：score = float(input("请输入一个数字:"))					
if(score<60):  	 		     		   
    print("不及格")					
elif (score<80):    					   
    print("良")				
elif (score <=100):  					   
    print("优秀")					
else:   					  
     print("输入有误")

    2.循环：
(1) for:for_stmt ::=  "for" target_list "in" expression_list ":" suite            					["else" ":" suite]	

eg:
l1 = [1,2,3,4,"abc","456"]
for el in l1 :					
    print(el)					
else:					  
     print("xxx")

		   
(2) while:while_stmt ::=  "while" assignment_expression ":" suite					               ["else" ":" suite]

eg:
flag  = float(input("请输入一个数字："))					
while(flag == 1):  					
    score = float(input("请输入一个数字："))   					
    if (score < 60):      					  
        print("不及格")    					
    elif (score < 80):      					  
        print("良")   					
    elif (score <= 100):    					   
        print("优秀")  					 
    else:    					  
        print("输入有误")					
    else:   					   
        print("退出while")

3.break continue:

L1= [1,2,3,4,5]
for el in L1:						
    if(el == 3):							
        # break							
        continue							
        print(el)						
    else:							
        print(el)

四、类型转换：n1 = 1

print(n1)
#print(n1+"1")
print(n1,"1")				
print(str(n1) + "1")				
print(int("123") + 20)

五、常见的数据结构：
   1.str：
(1) 常用的函数

s1="meinv"				     
s2="Shuaige"				
print(len(s1))				
print(s1.lower())				
print(s2.upper())				
s3= "abcDDD"
s3= s3.replace('D',"d")
s4= "a,a,a,b,b,b"
L1 = s6.split(",")
print(L1)

(2) 字符串插值

name = "xiaoxiao"
age = 40				
print(name,age)
print("name is : "+name,"age is : ",age)				
print(f"name is {name} , age is {age}")
print("name is {0} , age is {1}".format(name, age))

2.集合：
(1) List：列表。有序的，数据可重复

L1 = [1,2,3,4,"abc"]
# 取值
print(L1[0])				
print(L1[0:3]) #左闭右开				
print(L1[-1])

# 设置值				
L1[0]="hello"
print(L1)

# 添加值				
L1.append(1)				
L1.append("world")				
L1.append(1)
print(L1)

# 移除值
L1.pop(0)
print(L1)
L1.remove("xuanxuan")
print(L1)
del L1[0]
print(L1)

#函数
print(len(L1))
print(L1.__len__())
L2 = [1,2,3,4,1,6,5]
L2.sort()
print(L2)
L2.sort(reverse=True)
print(L2)
l3 = sorted(L2,reverse=False)
print(l3)

(2) Set：集合。无序的，数据不可重复

s1 = {1,1,1,2,3,4,5,"abc"}
print(s1 )
# 添加元素
s1.add(10)				
s1.add("zs")
print(s1)				
s1.remove(10)
print(s1)
s1.pop()
s1.pop()
print(s1)

# 交 并
print(s1 & {2, 3, 4})
print(s1 | {2, 3, 4})

(3) tuple：元组。（元组使用小括号，元组内元素不能被修改，列表使用方括号）

t1 =(1,1,1,12,3,"meinv","shuaige","weixin")
print(t1)				
print(type(t1))
# 取值				
print(t1[0])				
print(t1[0:3])

# 添加值
t2 = t1.__add__((1,2,3))
print(t2)
print(t1 + (1, 2, 3))

# 函数				
print(len(t1))				
n = t1.index("shuaige")
print(n)
m = t1.count(1)
print(m)

(4) dict：字典。kv

d = {"name":"xiaoxiao","age":21,"city":"北京"}
print(d)				
print(type(d))
# 取值			
print(d.get("name"))			
print(d.get("age"))		
print(d.get("city"))

# 添加kv
d["gender"]='男'
print(d)
d["age"]=18
print(d)			
d.pop("name")
print(d)

# 函数
print(d.items())			
print(d.keys())
print(d.values())
for k,v in d.items():			    
print(f"key is {k} , value is {v}")

六、集合常用函数：
1.enum：返回list 下标+value

l1 = [1,2,3,4]
for index,value in enumerate(l1):
print(index,value)

2.zip：将多个list匹配形成一个list

l1 = ["name","age","gender"]
l2 = ["zs",21,"女"]
print(zip(l1, l2))
print(list(zip(l1, l2)))
for k,v in list(zip(l1, l2)):
print("key is {0}, value is {1}".format(k,v))

3.reversed：对元素进行降序

print(range(1, 10))
for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
print(i)

七、推导式：
1.list推导式：

[x for x in iterable]
l1 = []
for el in range(5): 				      
l1.append(el)
print(l1)
l2 = [el for el in range(5)]
print(l2)

2.set推导式：

s1 = {el for el in range(10) if el > 4}
print(s1)

3.字典推导式：

d1 = {key:key*2 for key in range(10) if key < 3}
print(d1)