五 特殊结构（2021-11-12）

一、强调句型

构成

It is … that(/who) …
我昨天在街上遇到了我的旧情人。
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
current girlfriend 新女友
dream boat 梦中情人
It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street.
It was my old flame that I met in the street yesterday.

强调句型可以强调句子中所有成分，除了谓语。

It is to realize my dream that I am considering whether I should depart with my girlfriend.

有很多的原因可以解释这种现象。
There remain abundant elements to account for the issue.
It is abundant elements that there remain to account for the issue.

考点分析

1.写作
写作中所有句子都可以写成强调句型。
你至今仍然没有意识到就是因为你交友不慎，你才没有考上心目中理想的大学。
So far, you have never realized that because you had unfavorable friends, you failed to go to you dream university.
So far, you have never realized that it was because you had unfavorable friends that you failed to go to you dream university.
就是在我的女儿出生后，我才意识到母亲的伟大。
It was after my daughter was born that I realized the greatness of mothers.

2.长难句分析

二、倒装句

什么是倒装？

Do you love me?
Have you been to Europe?
Is your father a teacher?
倒装就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，也就是给一句话加个助动词或者把be动词放在句首。

倒装的具体使用

1.否定意义的词放在句首用倒装

I can hardly speak Japanese.
Hardly can I speak Japanese.
我绝不会爱你。
By no means do I love you.
玩手机不仅影响青少年的健康，还会浪费他们宝贵的时间。
Playing phones not only influences the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.
Not only does playing phones influence the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.
在任何情况下我们决不能忽略保护环境的重要性。
Under no circumstance can we keep a blind eye to the issue of environmental protection.

2.so，nor/neither位于句首，表示承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装。

I can cook. So can I (cook).
I cannot cook. Nor can I.

3.含有so … that …结构的句子将so引导的部分置于句首时用倒装。

I feel so rejoiced that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
So rejoiced do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.

4.only+状语 位于句首时用倒装。

只有通过采取这些行动，我们才能解决问题。
Only through adopting these actions can the issue be handled as soon as possible.

5.as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成倒装。（部分倒装）

Ugly as I am, I am gentle.

6.省略if的虚拟语气用倒装

If you had obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.
Had you obey my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.

考点分析

1.写作
文化交流不但能促进我们国家经济的发展，而且还能开阔个人的眼界。
Not only can culture exchange promote economic advance but also makes our eyesight broad.
我累得浑身都没劲了。
So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout.
当外面下雨的时候，只有在自己的家里，我才感到安全和放松。
Only at home when it rains do I feel safe and relaxed.
2.长难句分析
还原倒装部分后再做翻译。

三、虚拟语气

什么是虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示与事实相反，或者是语气委婉。

虚拟语气的一般用法

if引导的条件状语从句。
如果你是我眼中的一滴泪，我就永远不会哭泣。
If you are a tear in my eyes, I will never shed it.
如果我是一条狗，昨天晚上就能和你们一起睡了。
If I was a dog last night, I could sleep in bed.

那如何把一个正常的条件状语从句变成虚拟语气呢，只需要把已经写好的句子的时态变成过去式。
虚拟语气表示委婉，而一句中只有谓语才能退一步（过去时态）。
If you were a tear in my eyes, I would never shed it.
If I had been a dog last night, I could have slept in bed.

并且在虚拟语气中，be的过去式只有were；并且could = would = might

如果下辈子我还记得你，我们死都要在一起。
If I remembered you in next life, we would never separate with each other.
如果你当初听我的话，你就能顺利地通过考试了。
If you had obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.
满分句型：
如果每一个公民都在家里养宠物，我们的环境将会受到严重的破坏。
If every citizen raised a pet in his family, the environment would be destroyed.

特殊用法

1.以下情况从句用 “ should + v. ” 表示虚拟，并且should可以省略。

以防 in case (that), lest, for fear that
命 order; direct; command
贱 advise, suggest, propose
要求 ask. request, demand, require
用虚拟
是必要的 It is necessary / important(所有important的替换都可以使用) that

以防得一些传染性的病，你最好呆在家里。
In case that you should develop fatal infections, you had better stay at home.
参加更多的活动来展示我自己时必要的。
It seems crucial that more activities should be attended to show myself.
老师要求我们交研究报告。
The teacher asks that we should hang in research report.

2.以下情况从句用一般过去时表示虚拟。

常见的有两个：would rather 和 It is high time that …
It is high time that the independence of kids were cultivated by senior citizens.

3.以下情况要区别对待

就是把本来的时态变成过去式
常见的词有：wish, if only(如果…该多好), but for(要不是), or/otherwise(否则), as if/though(好像，似乎)
If only I were your child, …

考点分析

1.写作
对于普通市民来说，保护小区环境，不乱丢垃圾是非常重要的。
It is necessary that the community environment should be protected and rubbish (should) be never dumped for the common.
2.长难句分析
虚拟语气和非虚拟语气都直接翻译。

补充情态动词

情态动词：表明说话人主观态度的词，不能做谓语，相当于助动词，后加动词原形。

1.情态动词表示对现在和将来的推测。（情态动词 + n.）

He must be … ; He can be …

2.情态动词表示对过去的推测。

他大学的时候一定很自卑。
He must have been self-biased in his university.
must have done：一定做过某事
否定：can not have done
你本没必要用这种方式表达爱的。
You need not have shown your love in this way.
need not have done：本没必要做某事，但是做了
我本能够成为一名诗人。
I could have become a prominent poet.
could have done：本能做某事，但没做，表示遗憾
如果有缘分的话我们早就结婚了。
We should have got married if there exists a chance.
should have done：本应该做某事，但没做，没有遗憾。

四、插入语

定义

通常是定语、状语或同位语放在句子主谓之间，用破折号或逗号隔开。