四 状语从句（2021-11-09）

一、形容词和副词能充当的成分

形容词

1.系动词后做表语
2.名词前做定语

副词

1.修饰实义动词
he cried sadly 状语
2.修饰形容词
he looks especially sad 状语
3.修饰副词
he cried rather sadly 状语
4.修饰整个句子
actually, he cries 状语

二、什么是状语

状语的含义

状语就是在一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
状语在一句话中除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都能修饰

状语的成分

1.副词
2.介词短语短语
he cried sadly like a boy losing this toy
3.非谓语动词
she cried, sitting there
4.从句
she cried when she sat there

状语的位置

随便放

三、状语从句

引导词分类标准：

状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分的类，一共把引导词分为九类。

1.时间状语从句

1.引导词

when = while = as（当while翻译为“当……时”，后面要跟进行时态。）
before
after
since（主语要用完成时）
the moment = as soon as
by the time
until
not…until

2.时态问题

当爱来临时，我要牵住她的手。
When love approaches, I will hold her hands.
在所有的状语从句中，主句和从句的动作都未发生，主语用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
但爱来临时，我没有牵到她的手。
When love came, I failed to hold her hands.

3.区别 until 和 not…until

I will wait here until you come.
I will not leave until you come.
区别在于看主句谓语动词是瞬间动词还是延续性动词，如果是延续性动词就用until，如果是瞬间动词就用not…until，例：
直到我长大，才意识到母亲的伟大。
I didn’t realize the greatness of mothers until I grew up.

4.when引导的时间状语从句省略的情况

When a kid, I enjoyed singing songs.
when引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句一致，并且从句的谓语中有be动词，此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略。

2.地点状语从句

常见引导词：where
这种树在潮湿的地方生长很好。
This kind of trees grows well in moist places.
=This kind of trees grows well where it is moist.
做地点状语的通常都是介词短语，很少是从句。

3.原因状语从句

表示因果关系的词

1.引导词
because
as
since
in that
seeing that
considering that
now that
given that
2.连词
for
3.介词短语
because of
due to
owing to
thanks to
for the sake of
as a result of

因为他粗心，他出了一场事故。
He had a car accident because he was careless.
He had a car accident for he was careless.（就它不能提前）
He had a car accident because of his carelessness.

4.目的状语从句

目的状语

1.~ + v
to
in order to
so as to
2.引导词
so that（表示目的通常放在句末，不放在句首）
in order that

为了看得更远，我们爬得更高。
We will ascend higher in order to overlook farther
We will ascend higher in order that we overlook farther.

5.结果状语从句

引导词

1.so…that
2.such…that
so后面跟形容词或副词，such后跟名词。

今天是如此的热以至于我都穿上裙子了。
It feels so hot that today that I wear my dress.
我妈妈是如此的善良，以至于被所有的同事尊重。
My mother proves so kind that she is respected by all he colleagues.

“so…that”就是替换“very”的，作文中只要见到形容词或副词，都可以写成“so…that”句型。

6.让步状语从句

引导词（翻译为：虽然，尽管）

although
写作满分句型
Raising pets can cultivate the loving heart of kids, although they might be injurious to their families or neighbors.

though
even though
even if

while
当“虽然，尽管”讲，只能放句首，不能放句中。
（两句中间，通常翻译为“但是”；翻译为“当…”时，后面都是进行时态。）

as
引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首，构成倒装。
As I seem ugly, I keep gentle.
Ugly as I seem, I keep gentle.

虽然这个图表看起来很简单，但向我们传达了一个深刻的观点——国人越来越支持国货了。
Simple as the chart looks, the outlook behind proves far reaching——national products becoming increasingly popular with Chinese customers.

7.方式状语从句

引导词

as
the way
as if / though

She looks as if she were made of ice.

8.条件状语从句

引导词

unless
as long as
so long as
如果：
suppose that
supposing that
if
provide that

只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃
If there seems a ghost of hope, I will never give up.

9.比较状语从句

引导词

as…as…
than
你看起来像我一样漂亮。
You are as beautiful as I( am( beautiful)).

四、状语和状语从句的考点分析

写作

作文中任何一句话都可以加一个状语成分把句子拉长。

你可以像猪一样的生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐。
One can live as if he were a pig. Conversely, he can never be as delighted as a pig.

长难句分析

能够快速识别一句话的状语，并且能通顺的翻译这句话。
那么怎么快速识别状语呢？一句话当中除了句子的主干和定语外，都是状语。
只要在句子中见到以下，就是状语：
1.副词；2.比较；3.条件；4.结果；5.原因；6.让步；7.目的；8.方式；9.伴随
在分析长难句时，名词后面跟时间或地点要区别是定语还是状语。
如果无法确定定语还是状语时，就以定语优先原则（99%）。只有翻译不通时，就是状语。

从句和动词不定式充当主语，通常把它们放到句末，加it作形式主语。

五、句子所有成分大总结

主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语
修饰成分：同位语、定语、状语、补语

主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句
谓语：实义动词、系动词
宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句
表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语
同位语：名词、代词、非谓语动词，从句
定语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语
状语：副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句

我的妈妈是一个美丽的女人。
My mother is an elegant lady.
My mother is a lady of elegance.
My mother is a lady as elegant as a lily.
My mother is a lady looking as elegant as a lily.
My mother is a lady who looks as elegant as a lily.

She killed her husband with a sharp knife.
She, applying a sharp knife, killed her husband.
When she applied a sharp knife, she killed her husband.
She killed her husband cruelly.

我遇见你是我的荣幸。
That I met you is my honor.
Meeting you is my honor. 、

My dream is to pass the examination of postgraduates.
My dream is that I pass the examination of postgraduates.

六、英语长难句的摸样

（状语/定语（只有一种情况：as））主语 （定语/同位语/状语） 谓语 （宾语）（定语/同位语/状语）
English, a universal language throughout the world, is vital although it’s hard to recite these worlds.
I, a undergraduate in this university, will recommend you a tourist attraction which keeps popular with Chinese travelers.

七、补充状语从句

as

1.as + n：作为
2.v + … + as：此时as的意思取决于动词的意思
3.as + 句子（引导状语从句）：1.当……；2.因为；3.虽然，尽管；4.好像，似乎

than

1.not so much as = not even 甚至不/没有
He cannot so much as spell a word.
He did not so much as ask me to sit down.
2.not so much A as B 与其说A不如说B
He is not so much a teacher as a poet.
3.more A than B 与其说B不如说A
He is more a poet than a teacher.
4.more than……
~ + 名词：不仅仅是
~ + 形容词/副词：非常
I am more than beautiful.
~ + 数词：多于