【java】网络编程

网络编程

IP

InetAdress

        //获取本机的InetAddress对象

        InetAddress LocalHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();

        System.out.println(LocalHost);//LAPTOP-INPK0LQ4/192.168.1.3   主机名+ip

        //根据主机名获取InetAdress对象

        InetAddress host1 = InetAddress.getByName("LAPTOP-INPK0LQ4");

        System.out.println(host1);//LAPTOP-INPK0LQ4/192.168.1.3

        //根据域名获取InetAdress对象

        InetAddress host2 = InetAddress.getByName("gaodebo.top");

        System.out.println(host2);//gaodebo.top/39.106.90.162

        //根据Inetadress 对象获取ip地址

        String hostAddress = host1.getHostAddress();//192.168.1.3

        //根据Inetadress 对象获取主机名/或者域名

        String hostName = host1.getHostName();//LAPTOP-INPK0LQ4

        String hostName2 = host2.getHostName();//

        System.out.println(hostName2);//gaodebo.top

TCP

Socket

一个接口有两个流，输入流和输出流

服务器与客户端之间的通信

服务端

package net.learn;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.ServerSocket;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TCPServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        //在本机的9999端监听，当作服务器,要求9999端口没有被占用,serverSocket可以返回多个socket

        ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);

        System.out.println("服务器重在监听9999端口。。。");

        //当没有客户端连接的时候，程序会阻塞，等待连接

        //创建socket

        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

        //创建字节输入流，以读取来自客户端的程序

        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();

        byte[ ]buf=new byte[1024];

        int len=0;

//        while ((len=inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){

//            System.out.println(new String(buf,0,len));

//        }

        //把字符流转换成字节流，方法更多，效率更高

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));

        //用readline读取的时候，不要用while readline不会返回null

        String read=bufferedReader.readLine();

        System.out.println(read);

        //

        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

//        outputStream.write("hello.client".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

//        socket.shutdownOutput();//客户端读取结束的标志

        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));

        bufferedWriter.write("hello,clinet\r");

        bufferedWriter.newLine();//结束标记，插入一个换行符，要求对方使用newLine来读

        bufferedWriter.flush();//如果使用字符流，需要手动刷新

        bufferedReader.close();

        bufferedWriter.close();

        outputStream.close();

        inputStream.close();

        socket.close();

        serverSocket.close();

    }

}

客户端

package net.learn;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TCPClinet {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1.根据主机和端口，链接服务器

        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),9999);

        //客户端发送“hello"给服务器

        //socket 获得数据流

        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

        //向数据流中写入东西

//        outputStream.write("hello,server".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

//        socket.shutdownOutput();//

        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));

        bufferedWriter.write("hello,server\r");

        bufferedWriter.newLine();//结束标记，插入一个换行符，要求对方使用newLine来读

        bufferedWriter.flush();//如果使用字符流，需要手动刷新

        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();

//        byte[ ]buf=new byte[1024];

//        int len=0;

//        System.out.println("等待读取。。");

//        while ((len=inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){

//            System.out.println(new String(buf,0,len));

//        }

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));

//        String read="";

//        while((read=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){

//            System.out.println(read);

//        }

        String read=bufferedReader.readLine();

        System.out.println(read);

        //关闭流和socket

        bufferedReader.close();

        bufferedWriter.close();

        outputStream.close();

        inputStream.close();

        socket.close();

    }

}

UDP

了解即可

netstat命令