I2C通信协议是比较常见且常用的一种串行同步半双工通信协议;在单片机开发中,很多独立的功能模块采用I2C通信协议,其通信原理及过程这里就不过多的介绍。
在学习I2C的过程中,通常都会根据其时序图,编写代码通过软件方式控制管脚状态,结合延时函数(精准延时)来模拟 IIC 通信波形,并以此编写收发/接收数据的函数接口,软件I2C函数很网上的资源很多,就不再写了。
很多时候由于模拟I2C以及足够满足通信需求而且比较灵活,所以硬件I2C被很多人忽略。但硬件 IIC 的效率要高于软件模拟的,模拟 IIC 是通过 GPIO, 软件模拟寄存器的工作方式,而硬件 IIC 是直接调用内部寄存器进行配置,所以采用芯片自带的 硬件IIC 通信接口的读写速度较模拟的会快一些。
对于部分初学且不会使用硬件IIC的小伙伴,这里以正点原子的STM32F103ZET6精英板为例,初始化一个硬件I2C接口用于OLED的通信供大家参考学习。
初始化I2C代码
void I2C_Configuration(void)
{
I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1,ENABLE); //使能时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
/*STM32F103ZET6芯片的硬件I2C: PB6 -- SCL; PB7 -- SDA */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD;//
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
I2C_DeInit(I2C1);//使用I2C1
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x30;//主机的I2C地址,用不到则随便写,无影响
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 400000;//400K,更具自己所用芯片手册查看支持的速度。
I2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);
I2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
}
硬件I2C的读写函数
void I2C_WriteByte(uint8_t addr,uint8_t data)
{
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));
I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);//开启I2C1
while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));/*EV5,主模式*/
I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, OLED_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);//器件地址 -- 默认0x78
while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));
I2C_SendData(I2C1, addr);//寄存器地址
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));
I2C_SendData(I2C1, data);//发送数据
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));
I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);//关闭I2C1总线
}
void WriteCmd(unsigned char I2C_Command)//写命令
{
I2C_WriteByte(0x00, I2C_Command);
}
void WriteDat(unsigned char I2C_Data)//写数据
{
I2C_WriteByte(0x40, I2C_Data);
}
之后的用法和模拟I2C相同,OLED(SSD1306驱动芯片)初始化及部分控制函数:
void OLED_Init(void)
{
delay_ms(100); //这里的延时很重要
WriteCmd(0xAE); //display off
WriteCmd(0x20); //Set Memory Addressing Mode
WriteCmd(0x10); //00,Horizontal Addressing Mode;01,Vertical Addressing Mode;10,Page Addressing Mode (RESET);11,Invalid
WriteCmd(0xb0); //Set Page Start Address for Page Addressing Mode,0-7
WriteCmd(0xc8); //Set COM Output Scan Direction
WriteCmd(0x00); //---set low column address
WriteCmd(0x10); //---set high column address
WriteCmd(0x40); //--set start line address
WriteCmd(0x81); //--set contrast control register
WriteCmd(0xff); //亮度调节 0x00~0xff
WriteCmd(0xa1); //--set segment re-map 0 to 127
WriteCmd(0xa6); //--set normal display
WriteCmd(0xa8); //--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)
WriteCmd(0x3F); //
WriteCmd(0xa4); //0xa4,Output follows RAM content;0xa5,Output ignores RAM content
WriteCmd(0xd3); //-set display offset
WriteCmd(0x00); //-not offset
WriteCmd(0xd5); //--set display clock divide ratio/oscillator frequency
WriteCmd(0xf0); //--set divide ratio
WriteCmd(0xd9); //--set pre-charge period
WriteCmd(0x22); //
WriteCmd(0xda); //--set com pins hardware configuration
WriteCmd(0x12);
WriteCmd(0xdb); //--set vcomh
WriteCmd(0x20); //0x20,0.77xVcc
WriteCmd(0x8d); //--set DC-DC enable
WriteCmd(0x14); //
WriteCmd(0xaf); //--turn on oled panel
}
void OLED_SetPos(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) //设置起始点坐标
{
WriteCmd(0xb0+y);
WriteCmd(((x&0xf0)>>4)|0x10);
WriteCmd((x&0x0f)|0x01);
}
void OLED_Fill(unsigned char fill_Data)//全屏填充
{
unsigned char m,n;
for(m=0;m<8;m++)
{
WriteCmd(0xb0+m); //page0-page1
WriteCmd(0x00); //low column start address
WriteCmd(0x10); //high column start address
for(n=0;n<128;n++)
{
WriteDat(fill_Data);
}
}
}
void OLED_CLS(void)//清屏
{
OLED_Fill(0x00);
}
void OLED_ON(void)
{
WriteCmd(0X8D); //设置电荷泵
WriteCmd(0X14); //开启电荷泵
WriteCmd(0XAF); //OLED唤醒
}
void OLED_OFF(void)
{
WriteCmd(0X8D); //设置电荷泵
WriteCmd(0X10); //关闭电荷泵
WriteCmd(0XAE); //OLED休眠
}
在接线时连接对应的硬件I2C引脚即可,不同类型芯片的I2C时钟线、IO口以及初始化方式会有所差别。
以下补充STM32F407ZET6的硬件I2C初始化代码:
void I2C_Configuration(void)
{
I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1,ENABLE);
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
/*STM32F407ZET6芯片的硬件I2C*/
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;//
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD;//
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;//禁止上下拉
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB,GPIO_PinSource8,GPIO_AF_I2C1);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_I2C1);
I2C_DeInit(I2C1);//使用I2C1
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x30;//主机的I2C地址
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 400000;//400K
I2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
I2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);
}