C#实例练习5：类的设计和实现

参考书籍：《C#程序设计实验指导与习题测试》

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实验目的

• 掌握类的声明和对象的创建
• 掌握对象的封装性
• 掌握类的访问修饰符
• 掌握类的继承的实现
• 掌握派生类、抽象类、抽象方法的使用
• 掌握类的多态性
• 掌握运算符的重载
• 了解接口的实现
• 了解事件的实现

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实验1：创建类MyMath，计算圆的周长、面积和球的体积

创建类MyMath，包含常量PI，静态方法Perimeter（周长）、Area（面积）、Volume（体积）。

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    class MyMath
    {
        public const double  PI = 3.1415926;
        
        public static double Perimeter (double r)
        {
            double p = 2 * PI * r;
            return p;
        }
        public static double Area (double r)
        {
            double a = PI * r * r;
            return a;
        }
        public static double Volume (double r)
        {
            double v = (4 * PI * r * r * r) / 3;
            return v;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("请输入半径：");
            double r = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine("圆的周长为：{0}",MyMath.Perimeter(r));
            Console.WriteLine("圆的面积为：{0}",MyMath.Area(r));
            Console.WriteLine("对应球的体积为：{0}",MyMath.Volume(r));
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

请输入半径：5
圆的周长为：31.415926
圆的面积为：78.539815
对应球的体积为：523.5987666666666

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实验2：创建表示摄氏温度的类TemperatureCelsius

创建类TemperatureCelsius，包含实力字段degree（表示摄氏温度）和实例方法ToFahrenheit（将摄氏温度转换成华氏温度）。

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public class TemperatrueCelsius
    {
        protected double degree;
        public TemperatrueCelsius(double d)
        {
            this.degree = d;
        }
        public double ToFahrenheit()
        {
            return (degree * 9 / 5) + 32;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("请输入摄氏温度：");
            double d = Double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            TemperatrueCelsius celsius = new TemperatrueCelsius(d);
            Console.WriteLine("摄氏温度={0},华氏温度={1}", d, celsius.ToFahrenheit());
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

请输入摄氏温度：15
摄氏温度=15,华氏温度=59

实验3：类的继承的实现

创建积累Person和派生类Teacher。基类Person包含实例字段name和age；虚函数GetInfo（）显示个人信息。派生类Teacher除了包含基类的name和age字段外，还包含自己的TeacherID字段，并使用关键字override来重写方法GetInfo（）

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public class Person//基类 等同于public class Person:Object
    {
        public string name;
        public uint age;
        public Person(String name,uint age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
        public virtual void GetInfo()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Name:{0}", name);
            Console.WriteLine("Age:{0}",age);
        }
    }
    public class Teacher:Person
    {
        public string teacherID;
        public Teacher(String name,uint age,string id)
            :base(name,age)
        {
            this.teacherID = id;
        }
        public override void GetInfo()
        {
            base.GetInfo();
            Console.WriteLine("teacherID:{0}", teacherID);
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Teacher objteacher = new Teacher("Mr.Yu", 40, "1990108001");
            objteacher.GetInfo();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Name:Mr.Yu
Age:40
teacherID:1990108001

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实验4：抽象类、抽象方法、多态性的实现

创建抽象基类Shape和派生类Rectangle、circle。利用多态性实现Area（计算面积）和Show（显示图形名称和面积）抽象方法。

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public abstract class Shape
    {
        protected string name;

        public Shape(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public abstract void Show();
        public abstract double Area();
    }
    public class Rectangle:Shape
    {
        protected double weight;
        protected double height;
        public Rectangle (string name,double w,double h)
            :base(name)
        {
            this.weight = w;
            this.height = h;
        }
        public override void Show()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Rectangle:{0}\nArea:{1}",name,weight*height);
        }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return weight * height;
        }
    }
    public class Circle:Shape
    {
        protected double radius;
        public Circle (String name,double r)
            :base(name)
        {
            this.radius = r;
        }
        public override void Show()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Circle:{0}\nArea:{1}", name,Math.PI* radius* radius);
        }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return Math.PI * radius * radius;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Shape[] s = { new Rectangle("矩形", 1.0, 2.0), new Circle("圆", 3.5) };
            foreach(Shape e in s)
            {
                e.Show();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Rectangle:矩形
Area:2
Circle:圆
Area:38.48451000647496

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实验5：运算符重载

使用运算符重载，创建定义复数相加、相减和相乘的复数类Complex。

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public struct Complex
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real,int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        //重载运算符（+）
        public static Complex operator +(Complex c1,Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imaginary+c2.imaginary);
        }
        //重载运算符（-）
        public static Complex operator -(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imaginary - c2.imaginary);
        }
        //重载运算符（*）
        public static Complex operator *(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real * c2.real-c1.imaginary * c2.imaginary, c1.real * c2.imaginary + c1.imaginary * c2.real);
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return (String.Format("{0}+{1}i", real, imaginary));
        }
    }
    
    class TestComplex
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(4, 5);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Complex sum = num1 + num2;
            Complex sub = num1 - num2;
            Complex mul = num1 * num2;
            Console.WriteLine("第一个复数：{0}", num1);
            Console.WriteLine("第二个复数：{0}", num2);
            Console.WriteLine("两个复数之和：{0}", sum);
            Console.WriteLine("两个复数之差：{0}", sub);
            Console.WriteLine("两个复数之积：{0}", mul);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

第一个复数：4+5i
第二个复数：3+2i
两个复数之和：7+7i
两个复数之差：1+3i
两个复数之积：2+23i

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实验6：接口的实现

声明一个接口ICDPlayer，包含4个借口方法：Play()、Stop()、NextTrack()和PreviousTrack()，以及一个只读属性CurrentTrack，创建类CDPlayer实现该接口，模拟CD的播放，停止、下一个音轨、上一音轨的操作

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    public interface ICDPlayer
    {
        void Play();
        void Stop();
        void PreviousTrack();
        void NextTrack();
        int CurrentTrack
        {
            get;
        }
    }
    public class CDPlayer: ICDPlayer
    {
        private int currentTrack = 0;
        public void Play()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("启动CD...");
        }
        public void Stop()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("停止CD...");
        }
        public void PreviousTrack()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("前一个音轨...");
            if(currentTrack>=1)
            {
                currentTrack--;
            }
        }
        public void NextTrack()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("后一个音轨...");
            currentTrack++;
        }
        public int CurrentTrack
        {
            get
            {
                return currentTrack;
            }
        }
    }
    class TestCDPlayer
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            CDPlayer myCD = new CDPlayer();
            myCD.Play();
            Console.WriteLine("myCD.CurrentTrack={0}", myCD.CurrentTrack);
            myCD.NextTrack();
            myCD.NextTrack();
            Console.WriteLine("myCD.CurrentTrack={0}", myCD.CurrentTrack);
            ICDPlayer myICD = (ICDPlayer)myCD;
            myICD.PreviousTrack();
            Console.WriteLine("myICD.CurrentTrack={0}", myCD.CurrentTrack);
            myICD.Stop();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

启动CD...
myCD.CurrentTrack=0
后一个音轨...
后一个音轨...
myCD.CurrentTrack=2
前一个音轨...
myICD.CurrentTrack=1
停止CD...

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实验7：事件的实现

using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApp5
{
    //步骤1：声明提供事件数据的类
    public class NameListEventArgs:EventArgs
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Count { get; set; }
        public NameListEventArgs(string name ,int count)
        {
            Name = name;
            Count = count;
        }
    }
    //步骤2：声明事件处理委托
    public delegate void NameListEventHandler(object source, NameListEventArgs args);
    //步骤3：声明引发事件的类（事件生产类）
    public class NameList
    {
        ArrayList list;
        //步骤4：在实践生产类中，声明事件
        public event NameListEventHandler nameListEvent;
        public NameList()
        {
            list = new ArrayList();
        }
        public void Add(string Name)
        {
            list.Add(Name);
            //步骤5：在事件生产类中，实现产生事件的代码
            if(nameListEvent != null)
            {
                nameListEvent(this, new NameListEventArgs(Name, list.Count));
            }
        }
    }
    //步骤6：声明处理时间的类（时间消费类）
    public class EventDemo
    {
        //步骤7：在事件消费类中，声明事件处理方法
        public static void Method1(object source,NameListEventArgs args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("列表中增加了项目：{0}", args.Name);
        }
        //步骤7：在事件消费类中，声明事件处理方法
        public static void Method2(object source, NameListEventArgs args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("列表中的项目数：{0}", args.Count);
        }
        public static void Main()
        {
            NameList n1 = new NameList();
            //步骤8：在事件的消费类中，订阅或取消时间
            n1.nameListEvent += new NameListEventHandler(EventDemo.Method1);
            n1.nameListEvent += new NameListEventHandler(EventDemo.Method2);
            n1.Add("张三");
            n1.Add("李四");
            n1.Add("王五");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

}

列表中增加了项目：张三
列表中的项目数：1
列表中增加了项目：李四
列表中的项目数：2
列表中增加了项目：王五
列表中的项目数：3