数据科学三包:matplotlib , numpy, pandas
matplotlib
1.根据x,y值绘制图像
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = range(2,26,2)
y = [15,13,14,5,17,20,25,26,24,22,18,15]
plt.figure(figsize = (20,8),dpi = 80) #dpi dots per inch 调整图片清晰度
plt.plot(x,y) #绘图
_xtick_labels = [i/2 for i in range(4,49)]
plt.xticks(_xtick_labels[::3]) #设置x轴刻度
#plt.savefig("./sig_size.png") #保存为svg矢量图格式
plt.show() #展示图形
2.温度图表,在x轴上显示字符和中文
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")
x = range(120)
y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
_xtick_labels = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)] + ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
plt.xticks(list(x)[::20],_xtick_labels[::20],rotation=45,fontproperties= my_font)
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(℃)",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("10点到12点每分钟的气温变化情况",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
3.统计自己和同桌11-30岁交朋友个数
from matplotlib import font_manager
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc")
x = range(11,31)
y1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8))
plt.plot(x,y1,label="自己",color="orange",linestyle=":")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="同桌",color="cyan",linestyle="--")
x_label = ["{0}岁".format(i) for i in x]
plt.xticks(x,x_label,fontproperties = my_font)#设置x轴
plt.xlabel("年龄",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("交朋友个数",fontproperties=my_font)
总结:
- 1.绘图plt.plot
- 2.设置图片大小和分辨率plt.figure
- 3.图片保存:plt.savefig
- 4.设置x,y轴坐标xticks, yticks
- 5.标题和x,y轴标签,title,xlable,ylable
- 6.显示中文:font_manager.FontProperties
- 7.绘制网格:plt.grid