1108 Finding Average

题目来源：PAT (Advanced Level) Practice

The basic task is simple: given N real numbers, you are supposed to calculate their average. But what makes it complicated is that some of the input numbers might not be legal. A legal input is a real number in [−1000,1000] and is accurate up to no more than 2 decimal places. When you calculate the average, those illegal numbers must not be counted in.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (≤100). Then N numbers are given in the next line, separated by one space.

Output Specification:

For each illegal input number, print in a line ERROR: X is not a legal number where X is the input. Then finally print in a line the result: The average of K numbers is Y where K is the number of legal inputs and Y is their average, accurate to 2 decimal places. In case the average cannot be calculated, output Undefined instead of Y. In case K is only 1, output The average of 1 number is Y instead.

Sample Input 1:

7
5 -3.2 aaa 9999 2.3.4 7.123 2.35

Sample Output 1:

ERROR: aaa is not a legal number
ERROR: 9999 is not a legal number
ERROR: 2.3.4 is not a legal number
ERROR: 7.123 is not a legal number
The average of 3 numbers is 1.38

Sample Input 2:

2
aaa -9999

Sample Output 2:

ERROR: aaa is not a legal number
ERROR: -9999 is not a legal number
The average of 0 numbers is Undefined

words：

complicated 复杂的        accurate 精确的，准确的        decimal 十进制的，小数的       

题意：

给出n个数，求这些数中是合法实数的数的平均值；

思路：

1. 以字符串的形式保存每一个数，因为有的数不是合法的实数，可能含有字母；

2. 判断每一个数是否为合法的实数，并记录合法实数的个数与和；

        a. 若小数点后的数字超过2位则不是合法数；

        b. 若数中有除小数点以外的非数字字符则不是合法数；

        c. 若数中的小数点的个数大于1则不是合法数；

        d.若数的值不在区间[-1000,1000]内则不是合法数；

3. 输出时要针对合法数的个数作不同输出（即针对0，1，大于1）；

//PAT ad 1108 Finding Average 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>

bool isLegal(string s,double &sum)
{
	int i=0;
	if(s[0]=='-')	i++;
	int dot=0;		//记录小数点的个数
	int dotPos=s.find('.');		//小数点的位置 
	if(dotPos!=s.npos&&s.size()-dotPos>3) 	return false;	//精确超过了小数点后两位 
	for(;i<s.size();i++)
	{
		if(!isdigit(s[i])&&s[i]!='.')	return false;	//字符不是数或小数点 
		if(s[i]=='.')	dot++;
		if(dot>1)	return false;		//小数点超过1个 
	}
	double t;
	stringstream str(s);
	str>>t;
	if(t<-1000||t>1000)	return false;
	sum+=t;
	return true;
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;cin.ignore(); 
	
	string s;
	int c=0;	//记录合法的实数个数 
	double sum=0;	
	while(n--)
	{
		cin>>s;
		if(isLegal(s,sum))
			c++;
		else
			cout<<"ERROR: "<<s<<" is not a legal number"<<endl;		//错误信息输出 
	}
	
	if(c==0)
		cout<<"The average of "<<c<<" numbers is Undefined";		//输出 
	else if(c==1) 
		cout<<"The average of "<<c<<" number is "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<sum/c<<endl;
	else 
		cout<<"The average of "<<c<<" numbers is "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<sum/c<<endl;
	
	return 0;
}